Independent development of the project of carport begins with the exact determination of the dimensions of the building spot and the calculation of snow loads characteristic of your region. Errors in the design stage of the foundation or the selection of the section of the support pillars can lead to deformation of the structure or its complete destruction under the weight of snow and wind. Competent drawing allows you to purchase an exact amount of materials in advance, avoiding unnecessary costs for trimming or re-delivery of missing elements.
Quality canopy takes into account not only aesthetics, but also the functionality of protecting the car from precipitation, hail and the scorching sun. It is important to correctly calculate the angle of the roof ray to ensure natural water flow and prevent the formation of icicles in winter. Ignoring these parameters makes a useful building a source of constant headache for the owner.
In this instruction, we will discuss the key aspects of creating a reliable design, starting from the choice of a place and ending with the specifics of fasteners. You will learn what types of coatings exist, how to combine correctly. metal-profile Polycarbonate and what tools will be needed to implement the plan.
Selection of installation site and soil analysis
The first step in creating the project is to choose the optimal location of the future canopy on the site. Access roads, the distance to the gate and the possibility of connecting lighting, if it is planned, should be taken into account. It is also important to analyze the composition of the soil, since the type of foundation and the depth of the foundations will depend on this.
If the site is difficult terrain or high groundwater levels, it may be necessary to reinforce waterproofing or use screw piles instead of concrete. Geology of the site It directly affects the cost of zero cycle and the durability of the entire building. In some cases, it is easier to shift the structure by several meters to avoid expensive excavations.
Do not forget about the norms of indentations from the boundaries of the site and neighboring buildings to avoid conflicts and legal problems. The project must comply with local building codes and building regulations.
⚠️ Attention: Do not install a canopy close to the wall of the house without first assessing the condition of the foundation of the building. Rainwater flowing from the roof of the canopy can wash the base of the residential structure.
Size calculation and design type selection
Determination of dimensions is a critical stage, on which the ease of operation depends. The standard width of the parking space is 2.5-3 meters, but for the canopy it is better to lay a minimum of 3.5 meters to ensure a comfortable disembarkation of passengers and protection of the body from oblique rain. The length of the structure usually varies from 5 to 6 meters, which allows you to place the car with a margin in the front and rear.
There are several types of design solutions, each of which has its own installation features. Single-pitched sheds The most simple in execution and require less materials, while gable or arched versions look aesthetically pleasing, but more difficult in calculations. The choice of roof shape also depends on the wind load in the region.
To calculate the height of the canopy, the dimensions of the car should be taken into account. If you have a standard sedan or hatchback, the minimum height at the bottom point will be 2.3-2.5 meters. For SUVs or minibuses, this parameter should be increased to 2.8-3.0 meters.
- 🚗 Single-sided: Simple installation, material savings, modern minimalist look.
- 🏠 Gables: classic form, good resistance to wind, the possibility of equipment of attic space.
- 🌉 Archives: aerodynamics, self-cleaning from snow, complex installation of curved elements.
Materials for frame and roof
The basis of durability is the correct choice of materials for the carrier frame. The most popular solution is the use of a profile tube of square or rectangular cross-section. The racks are usually made of pipe 100x100 mm or 80x80 mm, and runs and farms - from pipe 40x40 mm or 60x40 mm. Metal frame It requires mandatory anti-corrosion treatment.
As a roofing coating, polycarbonate or profiled sheet is most often used. Cellular polycarbonate transmits light, which creates a feeling of spaciousness, but requires proper stacking with thermal gaps. The proflast completely shades the space and heats up less, but can be noisy during rain.
When choosing polycarbon, pay attention to its density and the presence of a UV protective layer. Cheap analogues can become cloudy and fragile after 2-3 years of operation under the sun.
Use polycarbonate at least 8-10 mm thick for regions with snowy winters. A thin sheet (4-6 mm) may not withstand the load without frequent crates.
Drawings, diagrams and loading calculations
Any serious carport project should be based on drawings, even if they are made by hand with respect to scale. The diagram must indicate all dimensions, fixing points, pipe cross-sections and inclination angles. This will help visualize the assembly and avoid errors when cutting metal.
Calculation of snow load is a mandatory point for the regions of the middle strip and northern latitudes. The weight of the snow cover can reach 180 kg per square meter, which creates enormous pressure on the structure. Farms and runs must be designed with a margin of safety.
The table below shows the approximate parameters of the frame elements for a canopy of standard size, which can serve as a guideline for the development of your own project:
| Element of construction | Recommended section | Installation step | Materials |
|---|---|---|---|
| Support posts | 100x100 mm | 3000 mm | Proftrub St3 |
| Bottom strap. | 80x80 mm | Perimeter. | Proftrub St3 |
| Stroop farm | 40x40 mm / 40x20 mm | 1,000 mm | Proftrub St3 |
| Roofing | 8-10 mm | It's all. | Polycarbonate |
For complex structures with a span of more than 6 meters, it is recommended to order the calculation of farms from engineers or use specialized software. Security The design does not tolerate approximate estimates "by eye".
Where can I get the finished drawings?
Ready-made standard projects can be found on the Internet on construction portals, in specialized magazines or order individual development from designers. There are also 3D modeling programs that allow you to create a model yourself.
Foundation and installation of supports
The reliability of the entire structure depends on the quality of the foundation. For metal canopies, a columnar foundation with concrete support racks or embedded parts is most often used. The depth of the pits should be below the level of freezing of the soil so that the forces of bloating do not push the structure out in winter.
The installation process begins with the marking of the territory according to the project. Then drill or dig holes into which pipes are installed. It is important to strictly control the verticality of the racks with the help of the level, since the distortion at this stage will be extremely difficult to correct.
- 🏗️ Concrete: pouring concrete M200-M300 with reinforcement, the period of solidification is 7-14 days.
- 🔩 Bookmarks: installation of steel plates on concrete pillars, welding racks to plates.
- 🔨 Screw piles: Quick installation at any time of the year, the possibility of dismantling.
⚠️ Attention: When concrete racks be sure to wrap the underground part of the pipe with waterproofing material (for example, ruberoid) to protect against corrosion in the ground.
Frame assembly and roof installation
After solidification of the foundation, metal structures are assembled. First, the bottom dressing is boiled, then farms or truss legs are installed. All welded seams must be cleaned, degreased and covered with a primer for metal. Quality of welding It directly affects the rigidity of the entire system.
Installation of roofing material is the last. Polycarbonate is laid with a protective layer upwards, the joints are closed with special H-shaped profiles. The ends of the sheets are necessarily closed with plugs or perforated tape so that dust and insects do not get inside the honeycombs.
For fastening of sheets special thermal washers are used, which compensate for the temperature expansion of the material. Hard fixation with screws without rubber pads will lead to cracking of plastic.
☑️ Checklist before roofing
The main secret of the durability of the canopy is high-quality anti-corrosion metal processing and compliance with the technology of fastening polycarbonate, taking into account temperature gaps.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Do I need to make a separate foundation for the canopy?
Yes, a separate foundation is required. It evenly distributes the load from the weight of the structure and snow, prevents subsidence of supports and distortion of the frame. The type of foundation is chosen depending on the soil.
What is the best angle of roof inclination?
The optimal angle of inclination for a pitched roof is from 15 to 30 degrees. A smaller angle can lead to snow accumulation, and too large will increase the sailing of the structure.
Can you use wood instead of metal?
Yes, wooden timber (for example, 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm) is a great alternative to metal. However, wood requires careful treatment with antiseptics and flame retardants.
How to calculate the amount of polycarbonate?
The roof area is calculated taking into account overhangs. When buying material, add 5-10% to trimming and docking. Keep in mind that the standard width of the polycarbonate sheet is 2100 mm.