Building a parking space often becomes a headache due to the long timeframe and high cost of traditional materials. The modern solution to this problem is quick-buildThey provide a safe shelter in a matter of days. The foundation of such buildings is a carrier metal-frameIt determines the strength, geometry and durability of the entire structure.
Unlike brick or concrete boxes, frame garages do not require a massive foundation and complex machinery to install. The speed of construction of such facilities is 3-4 times higher than that of capital buildings from blocks. This makes the technology ideal for summer cottages, private homes and commercial parking lots, where time plays a critical role.
In this article, we will discuss in detail what types of frames exist, how to choose the right material and what to look for when designing. Understanding the principles of the load-bearing frame will help you avoid mistakes and save your budget, while getting a quality and warm room for your car.
Advantages of frame technology over capital construction
The main advantage of frame garages is their economic efficiency. Costs for rolling-out And sandwich panels are much lower than brick, foam block or monolithic concrete. In addition, the ease of design allows you to significantly save on the device of the base, since there is no need for a buried tape foundation.
The speed of installation is the second, but no less important factor. The finished set of parts is brought to the facility and assembled by a team of 2-3 people in 3-5 days. Manufacturing The elements guarantee the accuracy of the dimensions and the absence of construction debris on the site, which is especially important for ennobled territories.
Design features make it easy to dismantle the garage and move it to a new location or expand the area in the future. Mobility and the ability to upgrade make this technology a flexible tool in the hands of the property owner.
However, it is necessary to take into account the features of operation. Metal has a high thermal conductivity, therefore, it requires high-quality heat-insulation ventilation to avoid condensation, which is harmful to the body of the car.
⚠️ Attention: When designing, be sure to consider the snow and wind loads that are specific to your region. Insufficient profile thickness can lead to deformation of the roof in winter.
Types of metal frames: profile pipe or LSTK?
When choosing the basis for a garage, the developer faces the question: what is better - a classic one? profile-pipe modern light-walled (LSTK) Both options have the right to life, but are used in different conditions.
Frames from a profile pipe are a time-tested classic. They have a high load-bearing capacity and resistance to mechanical damage. For their connection is most often used electroarc weldingThis requires a qualified welder on the site. The weight of such structures is great, but it provides resistance to hurricane winds.
LSTK technology is based on the use of galvanized profiles collected on bolt joints or screws. Such garages are lighter, do not require welding and have better thermal efficiency due to the absence of cold bridges (in properly designed units). However, the cost of a quality LSTK profile may be higher.
For comparison of characteristics, we will consider the main parameters:
| Parameter | Profile tube | LSTK technology | Wooden timber |
|---|---|---|---|
| Term of service | 50+ years | 50+ years | 20 to 30 years |
| Installation | Welding, faucet | Bolts, screwdriver. | Saws, fasteners |
| Fire safety | Tall. | Tall. | Low (requires impregnation) |
| Resistance to corrosion | It requires painting. | Galvanizing (not rusting) | Requires protection from moisture |
The choice between metal and wood is also important. Wooden frames are cheaper but require constant processing from rodents, moisture and fire. The metal frame is devoid of these disadvantages and provides better geometric stability.
Design and calculation of loads
Any construction starts with a competent project. For a garage, it is critically important to correctly calculate the cross section of the load-bearing elements. Step of columns It is usually taken equal to 3 or 6 meters, which corresponds to the standard length of rolled metal and sheet coating.
The calculation takes into account the constant load (weight of structures, roofing, equipment) and temporary (snow, wind, weight of people on the roof during repair). In Russia, snow load can reach 180-240 kg per square meter, which dictates the requirements for the snow load. farmland.
It is important to provide a margin of safety for the installation of additional equipment: gates with electric drive, shelving, ventilation systems. Errors at the calculation stage can lead to the fact that the gate will cease to open due to a distortion of the opening.
To create a project, you can use specialized software or turn to standard solutions. Independent calculation is permissible only for small outbuildings, while for a full-fledged garage it is better to attract an engineer.
⚠️ Attention: Never skimp on the cross section of the racks. Increasing the thickness of the pipe wall by 1 mm is inexpensive, but radically increases the resistance of the building to collapse.
Fundamental solutions for lightweight garages
The lightness of a frame garage allows you to use economical types of foundations. The most common option is squirt-bath. It is suitable for most soils and provides a reliable support for walls.
The second popular option is a columnar foundation or the use of screw piles. Screw pile Ideal for areas with elevation differences or complex terrain. They can be twisted manually or mechanized way in one day, immediately starting to install the frame.
If the garage is planned to be used as a workshop with heavy equipment (machines, lifts), then the best solution will be a monolithic one. concrete-plate. It serves both as a foundation and a ready-made floor that can withstand distributed loads.
☑️ Checking the readiness of the foundation
Technology of assembly and installation of the frame
Installation begins with the preparation of details. The elements are laid out according to the installation scheme. First thing is set up. column (vertical racks) which are temporarily fixed by slanting to maintain verticality.
After the columns are installed, installation is carried out. rafter or the beams of the floor. If welding is used, the seams are cleaned and immediately painted with an anti-corrosion composition, since in the welding sites the protection of the metal is violated.
To ensure spatial rigidity, links between columns (cross or horizontal) are established. Without this stage, the frame will “walk” under the gusts of wind. Completes the assembly of the crate under the roof and wall flooring.
All the fasteners must be galvanized. The use of conventional ferrous metal for bolts and screws will lead to the appearance of rusty streams on the walls after one season of operation.
The secrets of fast assembly
Use conductors or templates to drill holes in the same detail. This will speed up the installation by 2 times and ensure the perfect docking of elements without distortions.
Insulation and corrosion protection
Metal is an excellent conductor of heat, so without insulation, the garage will turn into a refrigerator in winter and into a furnace in summer. The most effective material is mineral-wool or basalt-plate. They are non-combustible and have excellent sound insulation properties.
A critical element is vapor isolation. Warm humid air from inside the room should not get into the insulation, otherwise it will get wet and lose its properties. From the street, the insulation is closed with a windshield membrane.
Protection of the frame itself from rust begins with a high-quality primer. If a black pipe was used, it must be cleaned, degreased and covered with soil. For painted pipes, it is enough to restore the coating in the places of damage during installation.
Leave a 3-5 cm ventilation gap between the insulation and the outer skin. This will allow moisture to evaporate and prevent the structure from rotting.
Choice of roofing and wall covering
For the sheathing of frame garages, a profiled sheet (profencing) is most often used. It is durable, lightweight and available in a variety of color options. For the roof choose a sheet with a wave height of at least 35 mm (NS-35, H-60) to allow water to run off and to withstand the snow cap.
The walls can be sheathed with a wall profile (C-8, C-10, C-20) or use sandwich panels. Sandwich panels already contain a layer of insulation, which speeds up the construction process, but requires careful sealing of joints.
It is important to use special fasteners with EPDM-pads. The screws should be screwed strictly perpendicular to the surface, in the deflection of the wave to ensure tight fit and the absence of leaks.
Integrated approach: frame + insulation + proper ventilation = garage, in which the car will be dry and comfortable all year round.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Do I need to heat in a garage?
It depends on your plans. If the garage is used only for storing the car in winter, heating is not necessary, the main thing is good ventilation to remove moisture. If you plan to work in a garage or store cold-sensitive materials there, then installing a heating appliance (boiler, convector) is necessary.
What is the life of a metal frame?
With high-quality anti-corrosion treatment and proper operation, the metal frame lasts 50 years or more. The key factor is the integrity of the paintwork and the lack of constant contact with water.
Can I add a garage to my house?
Yes, frame technology allows you to make extensions. However, in this case, you need to carefully treat the device of the deformation seam between the foundation of the house and the garage, as they can have different shrinkage.
Is a permit required to build such a garage?
In most cases, a permit is not required for the construction of a non-capital structure (light metal garage without a deep foundation). However, the legislation may change, so before starting work, it is recommended to clarify this issue with the local administration or BTI.