Getting into a car service or self-searching for details in an online store often turns into a stress test due to complex terminology. The owner of the car may know what is "knocking" or "leaking", but when the manager starts asking about the problem, he or she is not sure. gasket or silentblockIt's a stupor. Understanding how to properly name car parts is not just a way to appear like an expert, but a real opportunity to save your budget and avoid buying unnecessary components.
A modern car consists of tens of thousands of parts, and it is extremely difficult to navigate in their nomenclature without preparation. In this article, we will look at the main nodes, their correct technical name and how these terms are used in vendor directories. Knowing the exact name The details allow you to quickly find analogues and check compatibility using the VIN code.
In addition, knowledge of terminology helps to communicate constructively with masters at the service station, eliminating misunderstandings like “fix that thing in front.” We will walk from the exterior body elements to the hidden transmission nodes to form a clear picture of your vehicle’s design.
Body elements and external geometry
The exterior of the car is what we see first, and it is often these parts that suffer from minor accidents or operation. The main body panels have strict names. hood It closes the engine compartment. boot-lid (or the fifth door at the hatchbacks) provides access to the cargo bay. The lateral part is forming wings (front and rear) and doorway.
It is important to distinguish between load-bearing elements and hinged ones. The carrier sparrow - a powerful beam running along the bottom, which takes the blow in accidents. Damage to the spangeron is serious, whereas replacement bumper or balcony (front panel under the hood) is considered cosmetic repair. The body also includes thresholdconnecting the front and back of the car from below.
Special attention should be paid to lighting, as in catalogs it is often a separate category. Farah It is a general term, but internally it is divided into headlight (main lights), fog-lamp (PTF) and position lamps. The rear optics are called flashlight (left/right).
⚠️ Note: When buying body parts, pay attention to the presence of holes for mounts and wiring. For example, bumpers for different configurations of one model may differ in the presence of cutouts under the fog-fog or parking sensors.
- 🚗 Spoiler. - an aerodynamic element on the trunk lid, which improves downforce.
- 🚗 molding Decorative pad, often hiding the joints of panels or protecting doors from impacts.
- 🚗 Spreadouts - the element of stiffness connecting the upper supports of shock absorbers (often put tuners).
Engine and gas distribution system
The heart of the car – the internal combustion engine (ICE) – consists of many mechanisms. The top of the engine is closing. valve-lidunder which cylinderhead (GBC). It is one of the most difficult and expensive nodes. Between the block and the head is laid. gasketsealing the cooling and lubrication channels.
A critically important element is gas-distribution (GRM). It is composed of camshaft (camshaft), valves and drive. The drive can be carried out through garnet or chain. A break in a belt or a chain stretch often leads to major repairs to the engine, so the condition of these components must be monitored constantly.
The intake and release of fuel and air also have their own names. Fuel is supplied through fuel-stamp and nozzle. The air is going through throttle (throttle) regulating the supply of the mixture. Exhaust gases are discharged through discharge-manifoldwhich is often combined with catalytic converter (catalyst)
What is EGR and why is it being jammed?
The exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR) returns some of the exhaust gases to the intake to reduce toxicity. Over time, the EGR valve overgrown with soot, which leads to loss of power and increased consumption. Many owners resort to its software or physical shutdown.
⚠️ Warning: Never ignore oil leaking in the area of the valve cover or camshaft glands. The oil hitting a hot collector or a belt of the HRM can lead to a fire or break of the belt, respectively.
- ⚙️ flywheel - a massive disk on the crankshaft, providing smooth rotation and transferring torque to the clutch.
- ⚙️ pomp - water pump circulating antifreeze in the cooling system.
- ⚙️ Thermostat - a valve that regulates the temperature of the coolant, launching it in a small or large circle.
Transmission and running gear
For the car to move, the torque from the engine must be transferred to the wheels. The transmission is responsible for that. In front-wheel drive cars, it's gearbox (CPT) driveshaft (half-axis) and SRUSS (Hinges of equal angular velocities). It is the SRUS that often crunch when turning, signaling the need for replacement.
The chassis provides comfort and controllability. The main carrier element is subframeTo which the engine and suspension elements are attached. Wheels are attached to hubAnd they're all rotating on bearings. The connection of the wheels with the body is carried out through lever, which are pressed plumblock (resinometallic hinges).
To reduce the vibrations are used shock absorbers and springs. They are often sold together as shock-stack. Stabilization of the body in corners provides transverse stability stabilizer, which is attached through stabilizer-stack ("bones") and hub.
☑️ Suspension diagnostics
The steering also requires attention. The main node is steering-railIt converts the steering wheel into the wheel movement. Reiki is connected. steering-rod and tips. Wear of these parts leads to the appearance of backlash and knocks.
| Name of detail | Function | Signs of wear and tear | Resource (km) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Stabilizer rack | Stabilizer link to lever | Knocking on small bumps | 20-40 thousand. |
| Silentblock | quenching the vibrations in the lever | Car pulling aside, creaking | 60,000-100. |
| SRUS (external) | Transmission of rotation to the wheel | Crunch on the rudder turned | 100,000+k. |
| Support bearing | Rotation of shock absorber | Crunch/squeaking as the steering wheel rotates | 40,000-800,000. |
Braking system and safety
Brakes are a system on which you cannot save categorically. The basic working element is brakeclamp-down pads. In drum brakes (often on the back of budget cars) are used brake drums and drum-pad.
The pressure in the system creates master-cylinder (GTC), and the force on each wheel is brought down work-cylinder. The most important element of security is ABS (anti-lock system), sensors which control the speed of rotation of the wheels. The malfunction of the ABS sensor is lit by a “blip” on the dashboard.
The fluid in the system is hygroscopic, that is, it absorbs moisture, so brake fluid It should be changed regularly (usually every 2 years). Old liquid boils at lower temperatures, which can cause brake failure.
When replacing brake discs, always change the pads. Old pads have production under the old disc, which will lead to uneven wear of the new part and reduce the effectiveness of braking.
- 🛑 Support A mechanism that presses pads against a disc; often requires bulkheading or replacement of guides.
- 🛑 Vacuum amplifier Creates an additional force when pressing the pedal, making braking easy.
- 🛑 Parking brake cable - mechanical connection of the "handle" lever with the rear brakes.
Electricity and ignition system
A modern car is unthinkable without electronics. The source of energy is battery And he is doing his job with it. generator. Malfunction relay-regulator The generator can lead to either undercharge or to overcharge and boiling the battery.
In gasoline engines for the ignition of the mixture are responsible spark-plug. The spark is served through them. ignition or high-voltage. In diesel engines, ignition occurs from compression, but for cold start-ups are used. lamp-light.
All processes are managed by EBOU Electronic control unit - the "brains" of the car. Sensors, such as DMRV (air consumption), Crankshaft position sensor and Lambda probe (oxygen sensor), transmit data to the ECU to correct the mixture.
⚠️ Warning: When working with electricians, always remove the terminal from the battery. A short circuit can not only burn the fuse, but also disable an expensive control unit or cause a fire wiring.
Diagnostics of electrical equipment often begin not with a replacement of the sensor, but with a check of the integrity of the wiring and the quality of the contacts ("mass"). Contact oxidation is a common cause of electronics "gluts".
Consumables and technical liquids
For life, a car needs not only spare parts, but also consumables. The engine base. motor-oil, which is selected by viscosity (for example, 5W-30) and manufacturer's tolerance. Butter always changes with it. oil-filter.
The air purification system uses air-filterand the fuel is clean and secure. fuel-filter (petrol or diesel). The ventilation system of the cabin is cabin-filter (California or regular) that is changed once a year or a season.
Technical liquids also include: antifreeze (cooling liquid), brake fluid, liquid GURG (power steering) and transmission oil (in ICS, automatic transmission, gearboxes). Each of them has its own replacement time.
- 💧 Glass-washed liquid ("washing") - necessary for cleaning the windshield, in winter it should be ice-free.
- 💧 Antifreeze concentrate - requires dilution with distilled water in a ratio of 1:1, if not purchased finished.
- 💧 Additives. - additives in fuel or oil, the use of which is of a recommendatory nature.
Can antifreezes be mixed in different colors?
The color of antifreeze is not the standard. It is possible to mix only liquids of one type (G11, G12, G13, etc.) and preferably one manufacturer. Mixing different types can lead to sediment formation and corrosion of the system.
Frequent Questions About Parts (FAQ)
How to know the name of the spare part for my car?
The most reliable way is to use catalogue (article) It can be found online by the VIN code of your car on the websites of official dealers or in specialized catalogs (for example, Elcats, Autodoc). Buying by the name "by eye" often leads to an error, since the same model could be equipped with different nodes.
What is the difference between the original and the analogue?
Original It is sold in the car manufacturer’s packaging (Toyota, BMW) and costs more, but guarantees full compliance. Analogue (substitute) is produced by third-party firms (Bosch, Mann, KYB). Often the original and high-quality analogue are made in the same factory, but the price of the analogue is lower due to the lack of a brand of the automaker on the packaging.
What are OEMs and OEM suppliers?
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer (Original Equipment Manufacturer) is a manufacturer that supplies parts to the conveyor. For example, candles for Ford can be made by Motorcraft (the Ford brand) or directly by Bosch. Buying a Bosch with an OEM marking gives you the same part as the original box, but it’s cheaper.
Do I need to keep checks for purchased parts?
It is necessary if you are planning a warranty repair. The store has the right to refuse to return or replace defective parts without a check. In addition, checks may be needed to prove the use of quality materials in the sale of a car or in controversial situations with the service station.
Can I buy a used part from the disassembly?
It's a lottery. It is safe to buy body parts (doors, wings, bumpers), optics and interior. It is risky to take units with unknown mileage: engines, gearboxes, electronic blocks. If you take used, require a warranty period of at least 14 days for verification.