The Airborne Forces (Airborne Forces) are rightfully considered the elite of the armed forces, where every element of equipment and every technical means is designed taking into account the unique specifics of landing. The main task of such formations is rapid airlift and conducting active combat operations deep behind enemy lines, which dictates the most stringent requirements for the weight, dimensions and reliability of equipment. That's why Airborne equipment and weapons differ significantly from similar models used in motorized rifle or tank forces.
The key factor here is the possibility of parachute drop, which limits the weight parameters and requires the use of special platforms. However, this does not mean a compromise in firepower: modern models are equipped with automated fire control systems, powerful guns and complex optical-electronic systems. A unique feature of Russian landing equipment is the ability to conduct combat immediately after landing without lengthy preparation, which is critically important in conditions deep behind enemy lines.
In this article we will analyze in detail the main types of equipment in service with the landing force, analyze their tactical and technical characteristics and consider the prospects for the development of weapons. Understanding these aspects is necessary not only for military specialists, but also for everyone who is interested in modern military engineering and the strategy of conducting highly mobile combat operations.
Armored vehicles: the basis of landing mobility
The foundation of the firepower and mobility of airborne units is specialized armored vehicles capable of parachute landing. The park is traditionally based on BTR-D (landing armored personnel carrier) and its more modern modifications, such as BTR-DM. These vehicles are created on the basis of the BMD chassis, but do not have a system for reducing speed upon landing, since they are landed together with the crew and troops on special platforms.
The main difference from general-arms armored personnel carriers is the use of aluminum armor, which provides protection from small arms bullets and shrapnel with the minimum possible weight. Inside the vehicle there is a troop compartment, where soldiers can be in full equipment, ready for immediate entry into battle. The engine and transmission are compactly located, which allows optimizing the internal volume for transporting personnel or cargo.
- 🚀 High cross-country ability thanks to caterpillar tracks and adjustable suspension that allows you to change the ground clearance.
- 💧 The ability to overcome water obstacles by swimming with preparation in a matter of minutes.
- 🛡️ Unification of components and assemblies with BMD-2 and BMD-4M airborne combat vehicles to simplify logistics.
Modern requirements for armor protection have led to the development of new modifications with enhanced armor and the installation of combat modules. Combat effectiveness The vehicle directly depends on the quality of the installed optics and the stabilization of the gun, which allows targeted fire on the move. In a real battle, it is the ability to quickly take an advantageous position and provide fire cover for paratroopers that becomes a decisive factor in the success of the operation.
⚠️ Attention: The operation of aluminum armor requires a special approach to repair. Welding of such housings is possible only in an environment of inert gases using special filler materials, otherwise the seam loses strength and tightness.
Airborne combat vehicles: firepower on wheels and tracks
The evolution of airborne combat vehicles (ACVs) has gone from simple carriers of machine guns to highly automated combat systems. The pinnacle of development at the moment is BMD-4M, which combines the power of a tank and the lightness of a landing vehicle. It is equipped with the Bakhcha-U combat module, which includes a 100-mm gun-launcher and a coaxial 30-mm automatic cannon, making it a universal weapon.
A special feature of the BMD design is the presence of an individual hydropneumatic suspension. This allows the crew to change the vehicle's ground clearance, tilt the body in different directions and even squat, which significantly increases stability when firing and maneuverability in difficult terrain. Hydraulic system also used for shock absorption during landing, taking on colossal shock loads.
How does the BMD landing system work?
The SRS system (Special Reactive Platform) operates on the principle of jet propulsion. At a height of about 1.5-2 meters from the ground, powder jet engines are turned on, which dampen the vertical speed of descent, providing a soft touch to the surface even at full combat weight.
Unlike the BTR-D, BMDs are designed for active fire by all crew members inside the vehicle. The commander, gunner and driver have their own workstations with observation and aiming devices. This distribution of responsibilities allows the vehicle to operate autonomously, performing reconnaissance in force or fire support tasks without the participation of infantry.
- 🎯 The 100-mm gun is capable of launching Arkan guided missiles at a distance of up to 5.5 km.
- 🔄 Gun pointing angles allow you to hit targets at altitudes that are effective against helicopters.
- 👥 The crew of 4 (including paratroopers inside) is fully protected from WMD (weapons of mass destruction).
It is important to note that operating such a complex machine requires high qualifications. The driver must not only control the movement, but also monitor the operation of the hydraulics and reaction system. Automated systems Diagnostics constantly monitor the condition of components, displaying information on the crew displays, which helps prevent critical breakdowns in the field.
Artillery systems and air defense systems in the landing force
Airborne troops cannot rely only on small arms, so they have their own artillery divisions in their structure. The basis is a 120-mm self-propelled artillery gun 2S9 "Nona" and its modernized version 2S23 "Nona-SVK". These systems are unique in their ability to land and fire both mounted and direct fire, performing the functions of a howitzer, mortar and anti-tank gun at the same time.
To protect against an airborne enemy, which poses the greatest threat to the landing force when separated from the main forces, anti-aircraft missile and gun systems (ZRPK) are used. A classic example is ZU-23-2 on special trailers or chassis, as well as more modern close combat systems. Air defense The landing force is built on a layered principle, combining automatic guns and man-portable anti-aircraft missile systems (MANPADS).
| Sample technology | Main weapon caliber | Combat weight (t) | Firing range (km) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2S9 "Nona" | 120 mm | 6,4 | 8.9 (active-reactive) |
| ZU-23-2 | 23 mm | 1.6 (without tractor) | 2.5 (height) |
| BMD-4M | 100 mm + 30 mm | 14,0 | 5.5 (missiles) |
When firing from 2S9 “Nona” from closed positions, it is critical to have accurate data on wind and air temperature, since the 120-mm mine has a high windage and is sensitive to weather conditions.
The use of artillery in the landing force has its own characteristics. Due to the limited ammunition that can be carried on light vehicles, every shot must be effective. Unit commanders undergo special training in calling fire and making adjustments to maximize the potential of available guns. Often artillery is used to create smoke screens, which allows the landing party to maneuver covertly.
Small arms: individual paratrooper equipment
The personal weapons of an Airborne Forces fighter must be light, reliable and effective at various distances. The main machine is AK-74M and its modern modifications, such as AK-12. These samples are distinguished by high combat accuracy and the ability to install a wide range of additional equipment: sights, silencers and under-barrel grenade launchers.
Sniper rifles and machine guns occupy a special place in the paratrooper's arsenal. Used to hit targets at long distances SV-98 and large-caliber Cord. Machine guns such as RPK-16 or PKP "Pecheneg", provide a high density of fire and can be carried as part of a crew along with ammunition. Firepower separation directly depends on the fighters’ ability to combine fire from different types of weapons.
- 🔫 The assault rifles are equipped with Picatinny rails for installing thermal imaging and night sights.
- 💣 RPG-7D grenade launchers (folding) allow you to penetrate light armor and destroy fortifications.
- 🗡️ Special purpose knives (NS-2, NS-3) are a mandatory element of equipment and a multifunctional tool.
⚠️ Attention: When landing with a machine gun in your hands (as part of the landing compartment of an armored personnel carrier/BMD), the weapon must be unloaded and put on safety to avoid an accidental shot when hitting the ground.
The paratrooper's equipment also includes unloading vests, helmets with protection for the temples and back of the head, as well as communications equipment. Modern combat requires constant exchange of information, so radio stations are integrated directly into the helmet headset. The weight of a fully equipped fighter can reach 30-40 kg, so physical preparation and proper fitting of equipment play a key role.
Specialized tools and engineering support
The success of a landing operation is impossible without engineering support. Paratroopers use special means for clearing barriers, laying minefields and overcoming obstacles. Light engineering vehicles and manual systems allow you to quickly prepare positions for defense or make passages through enemy barriers. Engineering departments The Airborne Forces are equipped with compact equipment that is also amenable to parachute landing.
Specialized tools also include navigation systems. In conditions of unfamiliar enemy rear, orienting on a map is difficult, so portable navigators with secure communication channels (GLONASS) are used. This allows you to coordinate the actions of disparate groups and accurately reach the designated collection area.
☑️ Checking the readiness of equipment for landing
An important aspect is camouflage. Landing vehicles are often equipped with smoke screen systems, and personal camouflage suits (“shaggy suits”) of soldiers have colors adapted to different landscapes. Secrecy of advance and surprise of strike are the main trump cards of the airborne troops.
Prospects for development and modernization of the park
The development of equipment and weapons of the Airborne Forces is moving along the path of increasing security and digitalization. Analog control systems are being replaced by digital systems that unite all the department’s machines into a single information network. Tactical level control allows the commander to see the position of each soldier and vehicle in real time on an electronic tablet.
Work is underway to create new types of armored vehicles with modular protection, allowing for increased armor depending on the mission. The possibility of using hybrid power plants to reduce the thermal footprint and increase stealth is also being considered. The future belongs to fully automated combat modules with elements of artificial intelligence for target recognition.
The main trend in the development of the Airborne Forces is the transition from simple “flying infantry” to high-tech mobile groups capable of autonomously solving complex combat missions using high-precision weapons.
Despite all the innovations, the human factor remains decisive. No equipment can replace the training, courage and determination of a paratrooper. It is the combination of advanced technologies and high spirit of personnel that makes the Airborne Forces a formidable force capable of solving any given task.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Can the BMD-4M swim?
Yes, the BMD-4M is buoyant. Movement on water is carried out by rewinding the tracks. Before entering the water, it is necessary to open special valves (water flaps) and turn on the water pumping equipment. The speed afloat is about 7-10 km/h.
What is the main gun caliber of the BMD-4M?
The main weapon of the Bakhcha-U combat module is the 100-mm 2A70 gun-launcher. It can fire both conventional high-explosive fragmentation shells and guided anti-tank missiles.
Why do amphibious vehicles often have an aluminum body?
Aluminum armor (for example, ABT-102 brand) is much lighter than steel with comparable bullet resistance. This is critically important for landing equipment, the weight of which is limited by the capabilities of parachute systems and the carrying capacity of military transport aircraft.
Do the Airborne Forces use heavy armored vehicles?
Heavy armored vehicles (tanks, heavy infantry fighting vehicles) cannot be dropped by parachute. However, as part of air assault formations, heavy vehicles can be used, delivered by transport aircraft to captured airfields or transferred over the ground after the main landing.