Choosing the right one vacuum-pump This is a critical stage in the completion or modernization of drainage equipment. It is the quality of this unit that directly affects the efficiency of pumping liquid waste, the speed of work and the durability of all equipment. Incorrectly selected or installed system can lead to downtime, increased fuel consumption and even serious breakdowns of the chassis of the car.
The modern market offers a wide range of solutions: from classic rotary-plate models to more modern screw units. Understanding the working principles, the differences in drive types and maintenance requirements will help you avoid costly errors. In this article, we will discuss in detail all aspects related to the equipment of drainers.
Principle of operation and role of the drainer system
The main task of any vacuum unit fitted to a tank is to create and maintain a dilution within the tank. When working-room filled with a pumped medium, the pressure difference between the atmosphere and the inside of the tank causes the liquid to rise up the suction sleeve. This physical process requires high tightness and stability of performance from the equipment.
The key element of the design is work-chamberwhere the vacuum is created directly. Depending on the type of device, rotating plates, screws or a liquid ring can be used here. It is important to understand that productivity The pump is not a constant value and may decrease as the depth of the vacuum increases, which must be taken into account when planning work.
The efficiency of the entire system also depends on the quality of seals and lubrication. Use of inappropriate oil or wear sealing-piece It causes the efficiency to fall. The maximum vacuum depth for most household models is about -0.9 bar, which is enough to lift the liquid from a depth of 4-5 meters.
It is important to note that the pump works in tandem with a safety system that includes valves and level sensors. Ignoring the state of these components can lead to fluid entering the unit itself, which often becomes fatal for its internal mechanisms.
Types of vacuum pumps: rotary, screw and liquid
The most common solution for utility equipment remains rotary-plate devices. Their design is simple and has been tested for decades. A rotating rotor with movable plates creates the necessary working volumes. The main advantage here is maintainability availability of spare parts on the market.
The screw units represent a more modern and expensive segment. Two mutually engaged screws rotate in the body, moving the gas. Such models are characterized by low noise and vibration, and are able to work without oil in dry design. But cost Much higher, and repair requires high qualification of staff.
Liquid ring pumps use water or a special liquid as the working body. They are less sensitive to moisture and aggressive vapors, but require a constant supply of working fluid and its cooling system. The choice of a specific type depends on the budget and operating conditions of the equipment.
- 🚜 Rotary-plate - classics of the genre, high repairability, sensitivity to abrasives.
- ⚙️ Screwing High resource, low noise, high price and complexity of service.
- 💧 Liquid rings - resistance to moisture, the need for a fluid circulation system.
Drive selection: COM, hydraulics or electricity
The method of transferring torque from the car engine to the pump determines the convenience of the operator and the reliability of the system. The most common option is the use of draw-off (COM). The mechanical drive is reliable, but requires the car to stop to turn on and off, as well as the availability of free running at the checkpoint.
Hydraulic drive is becoming the standard for modern technology. It allows you to turn on and off the pump directly from the cabin, without leaving it and without turning off the engine. The hydraulic motor provides smooth start-up and protection against overloads, but requires the installation of additional equipment: pump, tank and pipelines.
Electric actuators are less common and usually on compact machinery. They are easy to install, but limited in power and depend on the state of the battery and generator. For heavy drainers, this option is often not enough. productive.
⚠️ Note: When switching from a mechanical drive to a hydraulic one must carefully calculate the performance of the hydraulic pump to avoid cavitation and overheating of the system.
When choosing the type of drive, the state of the car transmission should also be taken into account. Installing a COM on a worn gearbox can speed up its failure. In such cases hydraulics becomes the only reasonable choice, allowing you to unleash torques and reduce the load on the chassis nodes.
☑️ Checking of the drive system
Technical characteristics and selection of equipment
The selection of the pump is carried out on the basis of several key parameters, the main of which is performance. It is measured in cubic meters per minute and shows how much air the unit is able to move. For standard drainers with a volume of 4-6 cubic meters, performance in the range of 120-180 m3 / h is usually sufficient.
The second important parameter is the depth of the vacuum. It determines from what depth the technique can lift the liquid. Most models provide a dilution of up to 600 mm Hg. This is the best indicator for working in urban conditions and in suburban areas.
| Model of the pump | Type | Performance (m3/h) | Depth of vacuum (mmhg). subsection | Type of drive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KVN-100 | rotary | 100-110 | 600 | Mechanics/hydraulics |
| KO-503 | rotary | 140-150 | 600 | Mechanics |
| Becker VT 4.40 | Plate-like | 260 | 300 (max) | Electricity/Skive |
| DVP R5RA | rotary | 165 | 20 (bar 0.5) | Cardan/Shat belt |
The volume of the tank must also be taken into account. The larger the tank, the more powerful the pump must be to ensure an acceptable filling time. Using a low-power unit on a large capacity will lead to excessive waiting time and overheating of equipment.
Instructions for installation and first start
Installation of a vacuum pump on a sewer machine requires strict adherence to the technological map. The first step is always to prepare the site and check the completeness. Make sure that the fasteners are of a strength class of not less than 8.8, and the flanges have no deformations.
Installation of the drive (COM or hydraulic pump) should be carried out only on a shut down engine with the battery disconnected. After installation of the mechanical part, the shafts are connected through the drive joint. It is important to ensure the co-axiality of the shafts, as distortions will lead to rapid destruction. bearing and gums.
The sequence of actions at the first start:1. Check the oil level in the pump (should be in the center of the viewing window).
2. Open the shut-off valve on the tank.
3. Start the engine of the car and let it work at idle speeds.
4. Activate the pump drive (COM or hydraulics).
5. Smoothly raise engine speeds to 1000-1200 rpm.
During the run-in, the temperature of the pump body must be controlled. Heat to 60-70 degrees Celsius is allowed, but if the surface becomes heated to a point where it is impossible to touch with your hand, the equipment should be stopped immediately. Also, the absence of vibration and foreign noise is checked.
Nuances of hydraulics connection
When connecting the hydraulic motor, make sure that the direction of rotation of the pump shaft coincides with the arrow on the body. Reversing rotation will instantly disable the seals and can break the rotor plates.
Maintenance and troubleshooting
Regular maintenance is the key to long service equipment. The main attention should be paid to the level and condition of the oil. In the process of work, the oil is saturated with moisture and wear products, losing its lubricating properties. Oil replacement should be made according to the regulations, but at least once a season or after 500 motor hours.
A common problem is getting liquid into the pump. This occurs when the tank is overflowing or the float valve is malfunctioning. If an emulsion appeared in the oil (it became whitish), then water got inside. This unit requires immediate defectiveness and drying.
Wearing plates is a natural process. When the performance decreases or it is impossible to create the necessary dilution, the gap between the plates and the rotor is first checked. The permissible wear usually does not exceed 0.5 mm, after which a replacement of the kit is required.
- 🛢️ Oil replacement Every 500 hours or once a season.
- 🔧 Clearance check - when the output of the pumping drops.
- 🧹 Cleaning filters - on the intake pipeline (if installed).
⚠️ Warning: Never leave the pump on with the suction line closed for a long time. This will cause the rotor to overheat and jam due to the lack of cooling airflow.
Operational nuances and safety
Working with drainage equipment is associated with risks associated with aggressive environments and gases. Sparking in mechanical drive units or electricians is unacceptable, so all connections must be grounded.
When working in winter, special attention is paid to condensation. Moisture, freezing in the nozzles and valves, can block the system or rupture the body. Using antifreeze as an additive to the working fluid or thoroughly purging the system after work helps avoid problems.
The operator must always control the filling process of the tank. Use of the signal-storage (Electronic or mechanical) is mandatory. Overflow of the tank threatens not only the breakdown of the pump, but also environmental pollution of the territory, which entails large fines.
To prolong the life of the plate pump in winter, add a small amount of antifreeze or non-freezing liquid to it before stopping overnight - this will prevent the plates from freezing to the rotor.
Timely oil change and liquid level control in the tank prevent 90% of vacuum pump failures on the drains.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
How often should you change oil in a vacuum pump?
Under standard operating conditions, oil replacement is recommended every 500 hours or once a season (before winter). If the pump is operating in intensive mode or with aggressive environments, the interval is reduced to 250-300 hours.
Why is the pump buzzing and vibrating?
The main reasons: wear of bearings, violation of alignment of drive shafts, hitting solid objects in the working chamber or critical wear of plates. Also, vibration can occur when working at limit speeds without load.
Can I use motor oil for my car?
No, it's strictly forbidden. For vacuum pumps, special oils are used (for example, VM-4, VM-6 or their modern analogues), which have low evaporability and do not form soda at high temperatures. The engine oil will quickly cork and disable the pump.
What to do if the pump stops pumping?
Check the oil level, the tightness of the suction hose and the condition of the return valve on the tank. Often the problem lies in the wear of the plates or the disruption of the drive (slipping the belt, breakage of the COM strands).