The Army Corps of Engineers uses a mine clearing unit. UR-77 for guaranteed destruction of anti-personnel and anti-tank mines in a strip up to 6 meters wide at a distance of up to 100 meters from the operator. This complex, based on the chassis of the GM-575 tracked tractor, allows you to quickly create passages in minefields using linear mine clearance charges (LZR), known as “Snake”. The efficiency of the machine directly depends on the correct pointing of the barrel and the quality of preparation of the charge before the salvo.
The process of combat use requires clear interaction between the crew and compliance with safety measures, since the work is carried out with high-power explosives. Zmey Gorynych capable of solving problems in any weather conditions, however, wind, rain or snow can make adjustments to the flight path of the charge. Understanding the physics of the process and the technical limitations of the installation is critical to the successful completion of a demining mission.
Unlike manual methods or trawls, UR-77 provides a contactless mine clearance method, which significantly reduces the risk of equipment being blown up by mines. The main working tool is a rocket projectile, which pulls out an elastic sleeve with explosives. It is this sleeve, lying on the ground, that creates a zone of continuous destruction, detonating the mines with its explosion.
Design and installation device
Base for creation UR-77 served as the chassis of an artillery tractor GM-575, which ensures high maneuverability in rough terrain. A rotating platform with two box-type launchers is mounted on the platform, each of which holds one linear charge. The crew cabin is armored and sealed, which allows the vehicle to operate in conditions where weapons of mass destruction are used.
The central element of the system is the launcher, which is a guide tube through which the missile is launched. Jet engine charge provides the necessary speed and flight range. After leaving the pipe, the tail section opens and the flight stabilizes, which ensures that the hose is laid in the given direction.
- 🚀 Launcher: two-beam system with horizontal and vertical guidance mechanism.
- 💣 Ammunition: two ready-to-launch linear charges of the “Snake” type in transport and launch containers.
- 🎯 Guidance system: optical sight and electric drives for precise positioning of the barrel.
- ⚙️ Chassis: a tracked tractor with a diesel engine, ensuring the mobility of the complex.
Chassis technical details
The GM-575 chassis is a modification of the MT-LB tractor, adapted for the installation of heavy equipment. The YaMZ-238N engine provides power of 300 hp, which allows you to tow additional loads and overcome water obstacles by swimming.
The installation is controlled from inside the armored cabin, where the operator and driver’s workstations are located. The critical component is the electric start system, which initiates the start of the jet charge engine. All structural elements are designed to operate in extreme temperature conditions from -50 to +50 degrees Celsius.
Performance characteristics (TTX)
Efficiency of application UR-77 is determined by a number of key indicators that make it possible to plan combat engineering support. The machine is capable of creating passages up to 6 meters wide, which is enough for the passage of main wheeled and tracked vehicles. The firing range varies depending on the modification of the charge and the conditions of use.
The table below shows the main parameters characterizing the capabilities of the complex in comparison with analogues or previous models. These data are averaged and may vary slightly depending on the specific modification of the ammunition.
| Parameter | Meaning | Unit of measurement |
|---|---|---|
| Firing range | 90–100 | meters |
| Passage width | up to 6 | meters |
| Deployment time | up to 5 | minutes |
| Combat weight | 14,5 | tons |
| Crew | 2 | person |
The main advantage of the UR-77 over the UR-83P is the ability to fire from a closed position and a longer engagement range, which increases the survivability of the crew.
The speed of creating a passage depends not only on the technical characteristics, but also on the preparation of the calculation. Recharge time may take 10 to 20 minutes, requiring the installation to be covered by other means during this operation. The dimensions of the machine allow it to be transported by rail, road and air transport.
Operating principle and combat use
Work algorithm UR-77 is based on the creation of a shock wave and fragmentation field. After selecting a position and aiming the barrel, the operator launches. The rocket is fired from the tube, carrying with it a rolled-up elastic sleeve filled with a plastic explosive (usually a RDX-based mixture).
In flight, the sleeve straightens out and lies on the ground, repeating the terrain. Upon contact with the ground or upon command from the remote control, the entire charge or part of it detonates. The blast wave and explosive particles flying at enormous speed initiate the detonation of mines located in the affected area, destroying them or making them safe for the passage of equipment.
☑️ Combat use algorithm
The peculiarity of the method is that The UR-77 does not neutralize mines in the classical sense, but rather destroys them with an explosion. This limits use near critical sites, bridges or buildings, where the shock wave could cause damage to infrastructure. Efficiency reaches 90-95% when used correctly.
Charge modifications and their features
To solve different problems, different types of linear charges are used. The main thing is the charge "Snake", which has a standard length of about 90 meters. There are also extended versions and charges with a modified explosive composition for use in special conditions, for example, at low temperatures.
Different modifications may have differences in the mass of the propellant charge and the type of stabilizers. LZR-6 and other variations allow you to adapt the installation to specific types of minefields. It is important to use charges appropriate to the current terrain conditions and the type of mines expected.
- 💥 Standard charge: ensures penetration of medium-density minefields.
- ❄️ Frost-resistant option: maintains the elasticity of the sleeve at extremely low temperatures.
- 📏 Long Sleeve: allows you to cover wider areas or work from greater distances.
- 🛡️ Enhanced charge: designed for the destruction of mines with increased protection or landmines.
The storage and transportation of charges require strict rules, as they are highly dangerous ammunition. Violation of storage conditions can lead to loss of combat qualities or spontaneous detonation. Each batch of charges is tested before being sent to the troops.
Operation and Maintenance
Maintenance UR-77 in combat-ready condition requires regular maintenance. Particular attention is paid to the hydraulic guidance system, electrical equipment and the condition of the launch tubes. Any defects in the guides can lead to the charge ricocheting or its destruction during start-up.
Daily maintenance includes checking fluid levels, tensioning tracks and visually inspecting the armor. Reactive charges are stored in special sealed containers and installed on the vehicle immediately before a combat mission. The service life of the charges is limited and is controlled by markings.
⚠️ Attention: It is strictly forbidden to launch if there are people or unprotected equipment in the area where the charge falls. The minimum safe distance for personnel without shelter is at least 300-400 meters from the point of charge rupture.
Regular lubrication of the moving parts of the turntable and checking the electrical starting circuits are mandatory procedures. Malfunctions in the guidance system can lead to the impossibility of creating a passage in the right place, which is unacceptable in combat conditions. Repair of complex components is carried out in specialized workshops.
Comparison with analogues and development prospects
UR-77 is a development of the idea contained in the installation UR-67, but has significantly better characteristics in terms of range and security. Compared to Western counterparts, such as systems based on rocket engines, the Soviet and Russian school focuses on reliability and ease of operation in the field.
Prospects for the development of mine clearance engineering tools are associated with the introduction of robotics and remote control elements. However, the classic “Snake” scheme remains relevant due to its low cost and high efficiency against most types of mines. New developments are aimed at increasing the range and reducing the weight of the complex.
Tip: When working in dusty conditions or after overcoming water obstacles, be sure to blow and lubricate the launcher mechanisms to prevent jamming.
Modern conflicts show that the need for such machines is only growing. Mining remains one of the main methods of influencing the enemy, and the presence of an effective means of crossing minefields is a key factor in the success of offensive operations. UR-77 has established itself as a reliable tool in the arsenal of the engineering forces.
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
What is the maximum flight range of the UR-77 charge?
The maximum flight range of a linear charge is about 90-100 meters. The exact range depends on the elevation angle of the barrel, the type of charge used and weather conditions, in particular the strength and direction of the wind.
Is it possible to use UR-77 to destroy fortifications?
The main purpose of the installation is mine clearance. However, the shock wave and fragments can damage light fortifications, bunkers and equipment located in the affected area, but the machine is not intended for the destruction of permanent concrete structures.
How long does it take to recharge the unit?
The reloading time by the crew is on average 10-20 minutes. This process requires the crew to exit the vehicle (or work in hazardous conditions) and manually install new transport and launch containers onto the rails.
What is the principle of operation of the “Snake” charge?
The charge is an elastic sleeve filled with a plastic explosive. When detonated, a high-intensity shock wave is created, which initiates the explosion of mines or destroys their structure, making them safe for passage.
What chassis is the UR-77 based on?
The installation is mounted on the basis of the GM-575 tracked artillery tractor, which is a deep modernization of the MT-LB tractor. This ensures high maneuverability and the ability to work in difficult climatic conditions.