Industrial sewing equipment of class 22 occupies a special place in the history and modernity of light industry, representing a standard of reliability for heavy materials processing. These machines, developed in the middle of the XX century, are still actively used in factories of workwear, in shops for the production of bags, shoes and leather goods due to their unpretentiousness and repairability. The design of the unit was originally designed with the expectation of round-the-clock work in harsh production conditions, which affects the weight, dimensions and principle of operation of the mechanism.
The main difference of this series is a straight-line platform with a needle moving in a vertical plane, which allows you to sew multilayer packages of high-density materials. Shuttle mechanism here is made according to the scheme of a horizontal swinging shuttle, which provides a durable connection of threads that does not require complex adjustment when working with coarse threads. Understanding the physical principles of this node is necessary for high-quality operations, since it is here that the stitch is formed.
In the modern context, despite the advent of computerized analogues, the class 22 machine remains in demand where the mechanical strength of the seam and the ability to work with materials that can damage the more delicate electronic systems of new devices are important. Podolsk Machine-Building Plant For many years, other manufacturers of the post-Soviet space have produced modifications of this machine, making changes to the drives and tables, but keeping the basic kinematic scheme unchanged. This makes the knowledge of the class 22 device universal for an operator working with any analogue of this series.
Design features and mechanism of the drive
The basis of the reliability of the machine of the 22nd class is its massive cast-iron stan and reinforced main shaft gear, transferring torque from the engine to the main nodes. Unlike the home models, it is used here. direct-to-direct or belt transmission from an electric motor installed under the table, which ensures a stable speed of rotation of the main shaft even under high load. The absence of plastic elements in the power transmission ensures that the mechanism will not twist and break when the material is sharply braking.
The most important element of kinematics is the needle movement node, which is equipped with a double tissue promotion or transporter synchronized with the lowering of the needle. This avoids the displacement of the lower layer of fabric relative to the upper, which often happens when sewing slippery or multilayered materials. Eccentric rampartsThe transporter and rail are made of high-strength steel and require regular lubrication, but rarely need replacement.
⚠️ Attention: It is strictly forbidden to start the machine of class 22 without the installed protective casing of the belt or with the shuttle mechanism cover removed, since high flywheel inertia can lead to serious injury to the fingers.
To control the sewing process, a control pedal or knee lever is used, which mechanically or electrically regulate the supply of energy to the engine. Modern modernization may include servo-drives, which allow you to program the stop of the needle in the upper or lower position, however, the classic mechanical version relies solely on the skill of the operator and the friction clutch. This system, although less automated, gives the operator a full tactile sense of the process.
Technical parameters and performance characteristics
Analysis of passport data shows that the machine of class 22 is able to process materials of any density, from thin silk to tarpaulin and leather up to 10-15 mm thick in a compressed state. Maximum speed of rotation