PM md. 63: Romanian assault rifle that survived the Soviet era

Romanian machine gun PM md. 63 is one of the most famous modifications of the legendary AKM, created during the Cold War era. Despite its external resemblance to the Soviet prototype, this model has a number of unique features that make it interesting for both collectors and small arms enthusiasts. Designed based on AKM, but taking into account local production capabilities and tactical requirements, PM md. 63 became a symbol of the Romanian defense industry.

Today, this machine is valued not only for its historical value, but also for its reliability, simplicity of design and adaptability to various operating conditions. Unlike many other AK clones, the Romanian version received its own modifications, including a folding stock, under-barrel grenade launchers and even experimental variants chambered for 5.56×45 NATO. In this article we will analyze the device PM md. 63, its technical characteristics will be compared with the original AKM and we will give practical recommendations for maintenance.

History of creation: why Romania chose its path

After World War II, Romania, like many countries in the Eastern Bloc, received a license from the USSR to produce the Kalashnikov assault rifle. However, by the early 1960s, Romanian engineers decided to create their own modification, taking into account local realities: from climatic conditions to production features. This is how it appeared PM md. 63 (Pistola Mitralieră model 1963), which became the main small arms of the Romanian army for decades.

The first batches were produced at the plant Cugir (now part of the concern ROMARM) in 1965. It’s interesting that Romanian designers didn’t just copy the AKM, but made a number of changes:

• 🔧 We simplified the manufacturing technology of some parts (for example, the receiver), which reduced the cost.
• 🎯The effective firing range has been increased due to a modified muzzle brake.
• 🔄 Added the ability to install an under-barrel grenade launcher AG-40 (analogue of the Soviet GP-25).
• 🔄 We introduced a folding metal stock for airborne units (modification PM md. 65).

Unlike the USSR, where AKMs were produced in the millions, Romania produced PM md. 63 in relatively small batches - about 1.5 million units. This makes original pieces rarer and more valuable to collectors. By the way, Romanian assault rifles were actively exported to countries in Africa and the Middle East, where they took part in local conflicts, which added to their “military glory.”

Technical characteristics: how it differs from AKM

At first glance PM md. 63 almost indistinguishable from the Soviet AKM, but upon closer inspection key differences become noticeable. Basic performance characteristics are given in the table:

Parameter	PM md. 63	AKM (for comparison)
Caliber	7.62×39 mm	7.62×39 mm
Length (with stock folded)	875 mm (640 mm for md. 65)	880 mm
Weight without cartridges	3.6 kg	3.1 kg
Rate of fire	600–650 shots/min	600 shots/min
Effective range	up to 500 m	up to 400 m
Magazine capacity	30 rounds (compatible with AKM magazines)	30 rounds

One of the main differences is reinforced receiver, made of thicker steel (1.5 mm versus 1 mm for AKM). This made the weapon heavier, but also stronger. Romanian engineers also modified gas exhaust system, which made it possible to reduce recoil and improve shooting accuracy. Another feature - muzzle brake compensator original shape, which better dampens barrel bounce during automatic shooting.

It is worth noting sights: y PM md. 63 they are calibrated up to 1000 meters (versus 800 for the AKM), although the real effective range remains within 500 m. This is more of a psychological point than a practical necessity. Also, Romanian machines are often equipped with night sights locally produced, e.g. LP-1.

Construction and disassembly: step-by-step instructions

Structurally PM md. 63 repeats the AKM design, so disassembly and assembly will be familiar to those who have dealt with Kalashnikovs. However, there are a few nuances that are worth keeping in mind. For complete disassembly you will need:

• 🔧 Screwdriver (for stock screws in the modification md. 65).
• 🔨 Punch or thin rod (for knocking out axles).
• 🧴 Lubricant (recommended Litol-24 or analogues).
• 🧹 Clean rags.

Main disassembly steps:

1. Release the magazine by pressing the latch.
2. Make sure the chamber is empty (visually and physically).
3. Move the bolt carrier to its rearmost position and check that there is no cartridge.
4. Press the lock of the receiver cover and remove it.
5. Remove the return mechanism.
6. Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt from the receiver.
7. Disassemble the bolt carrier (remove the bolt, firing pin, ejector).

When assembling, pay attention to installation of the return spring - it should fit into the guide rod without distortion. Also check the work self-timer: When the hammer is cocked and the trigger is pressed, the bolt frame should be locked in the forward position. If this does not happen, adjustment or replacement of parts is required.

⚠️ Attention: In versions with a folding stock (PM md. 65) the locking mechanism often wears out. If play is detected, it is recommended to replace the spring or mounting axles.

Comparison with AKM and other clones: who is better?

Compare PM md. 63 with the original AKM it’s like comparing twins with different personalities. Both machines are reliable, but the Romanian version has its pros and cons. Let's look at the key differences:

Criterion	PM md. 63	AKM	Yugoslav M70
Receiver strength	✅ Thicker metal (1.5 mm)	❌ Thin metal (1 mm)	✅ Reinforced box (1.6 mm)
Firing accuracy	✅ Better due to the muzzle brake	⚠️ Average (depending on the year of manufacture)	✅ Excellent (chrome-plated barrel)
Weight	❌ 0.5 kg heavier	✅ Easier	❌ Even heavier (3.8 kg)
Accessory compatibility	✅ Underbarrel grenade launcher AG-40	✅ GP-25/30	✅ Many options (M203, local developments)

Main advantage PM md. 63 — durability. Thanks to the reinforced receiver and simplified design of some components, this machine gun is less susceptible to breakdowns during intensive use. However Yugoslav M70 wins in accuracy and reliability in extreme conditions (for example, with heavy pollution). The Soviet AKM remains the standard for the balance between weight, reliability and maintainability.

If we talk about collection value, then Romanian machine guns are inferior to rare Soviet or East German models, but outperform Bulgarian or Hungarian clones due to their greater “combat history”. For example, PM md. 63 were actively used in conflicts in Libya, Syria and Iraq, which adds to their “legendary” quality.

Operation and Maintenance: Tips from Experienced Shooters

Like any AK-based weapon, PM md. 63 requires regular maintenance, but there are specific issues associated with the Romanian modification. Here are the key recommendations:

• 🛠️ Lubrication: Use lubricants like Litol-24 or CLP (Cleaner-Lubricant-Protectant). Romanian assault rifles are less sensitive to the type of lubricant than the AK-12 or AK-74, but excess oil can lead to the accumulation of dirt in the gas duct.
• 🔥 Barrel cleaning: After 500–600 shots, clean the barrel with a brush and solvent (for example, Hoppe’s No. 9). Romanian barrels are often not chrome plated and are therefore more susceptible to corrosion.
• 🔄 Checking the exhaust pipe: B PM md. 63 it is attached a little differently than in the AKM. When disassembling, be careful not to lose the retaining ring.
• 🎯 Sight adjustment: Romanian sights often have play. If accuracy drops, tighten the screws securing the aiming bar (but do not overdo it!).

Pay special attention return mechanism. In Romanian assault rifles, the spring often wears out faster than in the AKM due to the more severe rate of fire. Signs of wear:

• The shutter does not reach the rearmost position.
• Misfires when firing in bursts.
• Increased bolt carrier play.

If these symptoms are detected, replace the spring (original spare parts can be found at dealers ROMARM).

⚠️ Attention: In versions with a folding stock (PM md. 65) It is not uncommon to have cracks where the stock is attached to the receiver. If you notice any deformation, stop shooting immediately and contact a gunsmith.

For long-term storage:

1. Disassemble the machine and clean all metal parts of grease (it oxidizes over time).
2. Apply a thin layer of preservative lubricant (eg K-17).
3. Store in a case with silica gel (to protect from moisture).
4. Inspect for corrosion every 6 months.

What to do if the machine gun does not fire?

If the trigger does not fire after you pull the trigger, follow these steps:

1. Check whether the hammer is cocked (visually through the receiver window).

2. Make sure the magazine is inserted correctly and the cartridges are not jammed.

3. Remove the magazine and manually move the bolt carrier back - if the bolt does not lock, the problem is in the recoil mechanism.

4. Check the firing pin for wear or damage.

If the problem persists, professional diagnosis is required.

Modifications and accessories: how to upgrade PM md. 63

Despite his age, PM md. 63 remains a platform for modernization. Here are the most popular upgrade options:

• 🔫 Underbarrel grenade launchers:
  • Original AG-40 (40 mm, compatible with VOG grenades).
  • Adapters for installation GP-25/30 (requires modification of fastening).
• 🎯 Sights:
  • Installation brackets PSO-1 or Aimpoint (you need to drill the receiver).
  • Night sights LP-1 (original Romanian, rare on the market).
• 🔄 Buttstocks and forearm:
  • Folding stocks from md. 65 (can be installed on the standard version).
  • Plastic handguard from AK-74 (requires adjustment).
  • Tactical handguards with slats Picatinny (for example, from Magpul).
• 🔥 Muzzle devices:
  • Compensators type "DTK flame arrester" (improves accuracy).
  • Muffler adapters (requires legalization in most countries).

Please be aware of your country's legal restrictions when upgrading. For example, in Russia, installation of stocks from md. 65 for civilian weapons may require re-registration. Also remember that any modifications to the receiver (drilling, welding) reduce the collectible value.

For long-range shooting, some owners install barrels with improved rifling (for example, from AK-103), but this requires professional fitting and testing. An alternative is to use cartridges with improved ballistics, such as 7.62×39 mm "Tiger" (Russian production).

Purchase and legal aspects: how not to run into problems

Acquisition PM md. 63 - not an easy task, especially if you are looking for an original copy and not a replica. Here are the key points to pay attention to:

• 📜 Documents:
  • In Russia and the CIS countries, Romanian assault rifles are classified as restricted weapons. To purchase, you need permission to store and carry (for the civilian version) or a license (for the military version).
  • In the USA PM md. 63 sold as semi-auto rifle (with semi-automatic firing) called WASR-10 or SAR-1 (importer - company Century Arms).
• 💰 Prices:
  • Original combat copies (demilitarized) - from $1500–$3000 (depending on condition).
  • Civilian semi-automatic versions (WASR-10) — $800–$1200.
  • Replicas (for example, from Cyma for airsoft) - $200–$500.
• ⚠️ Risks:
  • Check the history of the weapon - some copies may have been involved in conflicts and have hidden defects.
  • Beware of counterfeits that look like the “original” - relabeled Bulgarian or Chinese clones are often sold.
  • In EU countries, possession of military weapons PM md. 63 almost impossible without special permission.

When purchasing, be sure to check:

1. Condition of the barrel (for rust or wear on the rifling).
2. Operation of the bolt group (is there any jamming).
3. Availability of original markings (stamp Cugir, serial number on all major parts).
4. Complete set (stock, magazines, cleaning rod).

⚠️ Attention: In some countries (for example, Ukraine), Romanian assault rifles can be converted to chamber 5.56×45 NATO to meet NATO standards. Such modifications (PM md. 86) have different ballistic characteristics and are incompatible with original magazines 7.62×39 mm.

If you are buying weapons for a collection, give preference to those with a documented history (for example, those that participated in conflicts). For practical shooting, it is better to choose the civilian semi-automatic version - it is cheaper to maintain and does not require special permits.

FAQ: answers to popular questions

Is it possible to install on PM md. 63 magazines from AK-74?

No, PM md. 63 uses caliber magazines 7.62×39 mm, while the AK-74 is designed for 5.45×39 mm. However, you can adapt magazines from AKM (they are interchangeable). For cartridge 5.56×45 NATO the barrel, bolt group and magazines will need to be replaced (as in the modification PM md. 86).

What is the effective firing range of the PM md. 63?

Officially the sight is graduated to 1000 m, but the real effective range is:

• For single targets - up to 400–500 m.
• For group goals (in automatic mode) - up to 300 m.

Accuracy depends on the quality of the cartridges and the condition of the barrel. Romanian assault rifles generally perform better than AKMs due to their improved muzzle brake.

How to distinguish the original PM md. 63 from a fake?

Original Romanian machines have the following features:

• Factory stamp Cugir on the receiver (sometimes with the year of manufacture).
• Serial number stamped on the receiver, bolt, gas tube and butt (must match).
• A characteristic muzzle brake with three slots (AKM has two).
• Stores with markings ROMARM or Romanian characters.

Counterfeits are often identified by poor quality of metal processing, mismatched serial numbers, or lack of original markings.

Is it possible to shoot from PM md. 63 steel core cartridges?

Yes, the Romanian machine gun is designed to use cartridges with a steel core (for example, 7.62×39 mm 57-N-231). However, keep in mind that such cartridges increase barrel wear. To extend the life of the weapon, it is recommended to alternate shooting with live and training cartridges (for example, with a lead core).

Where can I buy spare parts for PM md. 63?

Spare parts for PM md. 63 can be found:

• From official dealers ROMARM (for example, through the website romarm.ro).
• On specialized forums (for example, GunBroker, Kalashnikov Forum).
• In stores selling parts for AKs (many components are interchangeable).
• At auctions of military equipment (for example, Rock Island Auction in the USA).

Pay special attention to the quality of parts - non-original spare parts may not fit (Romanian standards are slightly different from Soviet ones).