Incorrectly calculated angle of roof of the canopy adjacent to the fence will lead to a constant accumulation of snow and subsequent deformation of the load-bearing beams in the first winter. It is this constructive nuance is the main cause of collapses of light buildings connecting the fence with the capital wall of the building. Design errors raft-system During the planning phase, owners are forced to spend significant amounts of money on repairs or complete replacement of the coating, instead of enjoying the functional space.
Well-designed single-sided It allows you to effectively use the narrow space between the border of the site and the facade, creating a protected area for parking a car or a summer kitchen. The lack of proper waterproofing of the roof adjoining the wall of the house often becomes a source of dampness and the appearance of mold on the bearing walls, which requires expensive repair of the facade. In this article we will discuss the technical aspects of the construction of such structures, paying special attention to the mounting units and the choice of materials.
Design of construction and selection of materials
Before starting work, it is necessary to clearly define the functional purpose of the future structure, since the choice of the future structure depends on this. load-bearing frame. If you plan to park a heavy SUV, the requirements for the strength of the racks and foundation will be significantly higher than for a light recreation area or storage of garden equipment. It is important to consider the wind load in the region, especially if the canopy has a large sailing or is located in the open part of the site.
To create a durable frame, a profile pipe with a square or rectangular cross-section is most often used, which provides high rigidity with minimal weight. Wooden timber is also a popular option, however it requires mandatory processing. antiseptic and flame-proof compounds to prevent rotting and fire. Metal elements need high-quality anti-corrosion protection, especially in the places of welds and fasteners.
โ ๏ธ Attention: The use of round pipes as racks can complicate the installation of horizontal runs and require special clamps or additional welding work to ensure the reliability of the units.
Material compatibility table
The metal frame is perfectly combined with polycarbonate and profnastil, creating a modern lightweight design. The tree is better combined with soft tiles or ondulin to create a cozy ethnic style.
Calculation of parameters and preparation of the foundation
The basis of reliability of the entire structure is a properly calculated and flooded foundation that perceives vertical and horizontal loads. For light canopies, a columnar base of concrete blocks or metal pipes buried in the ground below the freezing point is sufficient. Heavy structures require a more powerful base, often using a ribbon Or separate concrete glasses under each rack.
When calculating the height of the canopy, you should be guided not only by aesthetics, but also by practical necessity, especially if the car will stand under the canopy. The standard height of the driveway is usually at least 2.5 meters, which allows most cars and minibuses to pass without the risk of damage to the load on the roof. The distance between the support pillars varies from 1.5 to 3 meters depending on the section of the profile and the weight of the roofing material.
โ๏ธ Check before pouring the foundation
Installation of support posts and tyings
Installation of vertical supports begins with checking their verticality with the help of a building level or plumb, as even a slight skew will affect the geometry of the entire roof. The racks adjacent to the house are often attached directly to the wall through special brackets, which allows you to abandon the foundation on this side and save space. Metal pillars are concreted into prepared wells, having previously wrapped the lower part with waterproofing material to protect against moisture.
After fixing the pillars, they proceed to install a horizontal bandage, which connects all the supports into a single spatial system. For metal structures used electroarc weldingproviding monolithic connection, or bolt connections for collapsible variants. Wooden elements are fastened with metal corners, studs and screws, creating a durable frame ready to take the load from the roof.
โ ๏ธ Warning: When welding metal structures on an already installed frame, be sure to remove plastic plugs from the pipes to avoid melting and releasing toxic substances.
Device of the truss system and roof
The sling system of the canopy adjacent to the fence is usually a single-slop structure, where the slope is provided by different heights of support posts or the use of triangular trusses. The rafters step is calculated based on the type of roofing material: for rigid profnatile it can be wider than for flexible polycarbonate or bitumen shingles. It is important to ensure that sufficient slope (at least 10-15 degrees) for effective water runoff and snowfall.
Installation of the roofing begins with the laying of the crate, the step of which depends on the selected material and snow load in the region. Polycarbonate requires a special thermal gap when attaching and using thermal washers to compensate for the expansion of the material when temperature changes. The flooring is laid overhead on one wave and is fastened by special roof screws with rubber seals in the lower part of the wave.
To reduce noise from rain when using a metal roof, it is recommended to lay a layer of sound insulation material under the flooring or metal roofing or use a heater.
Water and drainage organization
An effective drainage system is critical for canopies adjacent to the house, as improper water discharge can lead to flooding of the foundation of the building and destruction of the windows. Water from the roof should be collected in the gutters and diverted through storm-water or drainage pipes to special wells or outside the site. The absence of an organized drain leads to the formation of puddles, erosion of the soil under supports and the appearance of dirt in the canopy zone.
To organize a drain on the lower edge of the ramp, a trough with a slope towards the drain pipe is mounted. The pipe should be located in such a way as not to interfere with the passage of people or the passage of the car, and its lower section is equipped with a knee to divert water from the basement. In winter, it is important to provide protection of the gutters from the formation of ice stoppers that can deform the system.
Comparison of materials for roofing and frame
The choice of materials determines not only the appearance, but also the durability, as well as the cost of maintenance of the entire structure throughout the entire life of the building. Below is a comparative description of the main materials used in the construction of canopies to help you make an informed decision.
| Materials | Term of service | Difficulty of installation | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Polycarbonate | 10-15 years | Low. | Medium |
| Fresh-natil | 20 to 30 years | Low. | Low. |
| Metal tile | 30-40 years | Medium | Tall. |
| Wood + soft roof | 15-20 years | Tall. | Medium |
โ ๏ธ Note: When choosing a cellular polycarbon, pay attention to the presence of a UV protective layer that must be oriented outward, otherwise the material will quickly lose transparency and become brittle.
Finishing and protection of the structure
The final stage of construction is the protection of all structural elements from the influence of the environment and giving the structure an aesthetic appearance. Metal surfaces must be cleaned of rust and scale, degrease and cover primer on the metal, after which apply at least two layers of weatherproof paint. Wooden elements are coated with varnish, oil or cover paint, which protect the wood from moisture, ultraviet and pest insects.
Particular attention should be paid to the places where the roof adjoins the wall of the house and the fence, where leaks most often occur. For sealing, special roofing abutments, silicone sealants and waterproofing tapes are used, resistant to temperature changes. Regular inspection and maintenance of these nodes will avoid problems with the flow in the future.
The main conclusion: the quality of the canopy depends not so much on the cost of materials, but on the accuracy of the calculations of the roof slope and the reliability of attachment of supports to the foundation.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Do I need to build a foundation under a canopy if it is adjacent to the fence?
Yes, the foundation is mandatory even for lightweight structures. Supports standing simply on the ground, over time will sit under the influence of weight and swelling of the soil, which will lead to a skewed roof and possible destruction. For light canopies, it is enough to plug metal pipes into concrete glasses.
What is the minimum roof slope required for a canopy?
The minimum recommended slope is 10-15 degrees (about 15-20 cm of height difference by 1 meter of length). A smaller angle of inclination can lead to stagnation of water and accumulation of snow, which significantly increases the load on the truss system.
Can I use used materials for construction?
Use of used materials is possible, but requires a thorough check of their condition. Metal should not have through corrosion, and the tree - rot and damage by carpenter beetles. The savings on materials should not come at the expense of the safety of the structure.
How to calculate the snow load on the canopy?
Snow load is calculated by the formula S = Sg * ฮผ, where Sg is the weight of snow cover per 1 sq.m for your region (normative value), and ฮผ is the coefficient depending on the slope of the roof. For flat roofs, the coefficient is 1 for steep ones - decreases.