Starting the tractor engine MTZ-80 This is a basic skill, without which it is impossible to operate this agricultural machinery. Despite the apparent simplicity of the design, the procedure requires strict adherence to the sequence of actions, especially if the engine has not worked for a long time or is in a cold state. Ignoring the preparatory stages can lead to accelerated wear of the cylinder-piston group or failure of the starter system.
Before you try to start up diesel-poweredIt is necessary to conduct a visual inspection and make sure that all life support systems are in good working order. This is not just a formality, but a critical stage that is often ignored by beginners, faced with problems with the supply of fuel or air. In this article, we will break down all the nuances, from checking the oil level to starting with the starter engine, so that you can confidently control the equipment.
Preliminary inspection of tractor systems
The first thing to do is open the hood and conduct a thorough diagnosis of the level of technical fluids. Oil in the crankcase It should be between the marks of the probe, and its condition should not cause suspicion of the presence of an emulsion or metal shavings. Insufficient lubrication level can be fatal for the crankshaft inserts in the first seconds of operation.
We're going to check the cooling system. In the radiator and expansion tank should be filled with a special coolant Technical water, if the tractor is operated in the warm season. The absence of antifreeze in winter or water in summer will lead to instant overheating and deformation of the cylinder head.
Pay special attention to the fuel system. Make sure that the tank has diesel fuel of the appropriate season, and the fuel filters are not clogged with dirt or paraffin. Air traffic jams in the highway are a common reason for the inability to start, so pumping the system through the manual pump is a mandatory procedure.
⚠️ Warning: Never try to start an engine if the oil level is below the minimum. This will lead to major repairs of the engine.
Completes the initial inspection check of tension of the belt of the fan and generator. Excessive sagging of the belt will not allow the water pump to effectively circulate the liquid, which is dangerous even at the heating stage. If the belt whistles or has visible cracks, it must be replaced before work begins.
Starting the engine with an electric starter
The most common way to start is to use an electric starter powered by batteries. Before turning the ignition key, make sure that the gear lever is in the neutral position and the parking brake lever is raised. This will eliminate the spontaneous movement of the tractor at the time of sharp torque.
The start-up process begins with the inclusion of a “mass” – a special tumbler that breaks the electrical circuit. After that, turn the key to the position of the devices and wait a couple of seconds for the incandescent candles to warm up (if they are installed and serviceable) or the fuel stop relay to be activated. The key then turns sharply to the starter position.
☑️ Check before launch by the starter
If the engine is not catching on the first try, do not keep the starter on for longer than 10-15 seconds. This can lead to battery discharge and overheating of the starter windings. You need to take a break for 1-2 minutes to restore the battery charge and allow the starter to cool down.
⚠️ Warning: If the starter is sluggish, check the battery terminals. Oxidation of contacts is a common cause of loss of starting current, especially in wet weather.
Successful launch is characterized by stable operation at idle speeds. Immediately after starting, pay attention to the oil pressure: the emergency pressure bulb should go out within a few seconds. If this does not happen, the engine must be immediately shut down to avoid jamming.
Starting with a starter engine (PD-10)
Tractors. MTZ-80 often equipped with an auxiliary starter engine PD-10, powered by gasoline. This method is especially effective in winter, when the electrolyte in the batteries loses its capacity. Before starting the PD, you need to check the level of oil in its crankcase and the presence of gasoline in the tank.
The start procedure begins with the inclusion of the decompressor and scrolling the crankshaft of the starting engine to fill the cylinders with a fuel-air mixture. After that, the decompressor is turned off, and a sharp jerk with the starter handle or the inclusion of the PD electric starter is made. It is important not to overdo the duration of the start unit.
Limitation of the time of work of the PD
The PD-10 launch engine does not have its own pressure lubrication system and operates on a mixture of gasoline and oil. The maximum allowable time of its continuous operation is 10 minutes. Long-term work will lead to overheating of the piston group and bullies, since lubrication is carried out only by spraying.
As soon as the main diesel engine starts and starts to work steadily, it is necessary to turn off the starting unit. To do this, the fuel supply to the PD is blocked and the ignition is turned off. Allowing the main engine to work at high speeds immediately after starting the starting engine is prohibited - the required warming up.
| Parameter | Normal value. | Critical significance |
|---|---|---|
| Oil pressure (heated) | 0.35 - 0.45 MPa | Less than 0.08 MPa |
| OZH temperature (working) | 75 - 90 °C | More than 100 °C |
| Rotation frequency XX | 600 rpm | Less than 500 rpm |
| Starter's time | 10-15 sec. | More than 20 seconds. |
Features of the launch in winter
Winter exploitation MTZ-80 It requires special preparation, since diesel fuel is paraffinized at low temperatures. The use of summer diesel in winter is guaranteed to lead to the inability to start. It is necessary to use winter or Arctic fuels, or add special antigel additives.
Batteries in the cold season should be fully charged and, if possible, stored in a warm room. Before installation on the tractor, it is recommended to heat them in warm water (not boiling water!) to a temperature of 30-40 degrees. This will significantly increase the current output and chances of a successful start.
Use a preheater or torch heater of the intake manifold to facilitate start in severe frosts. Warming up the air at the intake reduces the load on the battery and facilitates the ignition of the mixture.
After starting the engine in winter, you can not immediately give load. Warming up It should be carried out at average speeds for 5-10 minutes until the temperature of the coolant rises to at least 40 degrees. Sharp opening of the radiator valve is also prohibited until the operating temperature is reached.
If the tractor is equipped with a starter engine, in winter this is the main way of starting. Electric starter in severe frosts may not cope with the scrolling of cold, thick oil. In such cases, the starter engine works a little longer to heat the main unit through the cooling system.
Typical malfunctions at start-up
Often operators are faced with a situation where the starter turns the engine, but the start does not occur. The first reason is usually the lack of fuel supply. This can be caused by air entering the system, freezing of condensate in fuel lines or contamination of fine filters.
The second common problem is low compression or insufficient rotation frequency of the crankshaft. If the starter is slow, the engine will not be able to create the necessary pressure and temperature to ignite the mixture. In this case, you need to check the status of the batteries, contacts and the starter itself.
The third option is a malfunction of fuel equipment, in particular, nozzles or TNVD. If the nozzle “pours” the fuel in a jet rather than spraying it into the fog, ignition will not occur, and the cylinder can be hydraulically locked. Diagnosis requires removal and verification of sprayers on a special stand.
⚠️ Warning: Getting water or a large amount of fuel into the cylinder can cause a hydraulic shock when scrolling the starter, which will lead to a breakage of the rod or cylinder block.
Post-launch run-in and recommendations
After successful start of a new or repaired engine, it is necessary to conduct a run-in procedure. Idle move During the first hour of work should alternate with short-term loads. This allows the details to get lost with each other without the formation of bullies and microscopic damage.
In the process of work, constantly monitor the readings of the devices. Oil pressure and temperature are the main indicators of engine health. Any extraneous knocking, noise or vibration should be a signal for immediate stop and diagnosis.
Regular replacement of filters and use of quality oil extend the life of the MTZ-80 engine more than any complex manipulations at start-up.
Don't forget about the safety rules. It is forbidden to start the engine while under the tractor or in close proximity to the rotating parts without need. Always make sure there are no people and foreign objects around the machine that can be tightened by a fan or pulleys.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Why does MTZ-80 smoke white smoke at launch?
White smoke at start-up, especially in cold times, most often indicates condensation in the exhaust system or the entry of coolant into the cylinders. If the smoke disappears after heating, it is normal. If it persists, check the head of the block for cracks and the condition of the gasket of the GBC.
What level of electrolyte should be in batteries?
The electrolyte level should be 10-15 mm above the upper edge of the lead plates. If the level is lower, distilled water must be added. The density of the electrolyte for the winter period should be 1.27-1.28 g / cm3, for the summer - 1.23-1.24 g / cm3.
Can I launch MTZ-80 from a pusher?
Launch from the pusher (in transfer) is possible, but extremely undesirable for a modern engine and transmission. This creates impact loads on the gears of the gearbox and can damage the free-route mechanism of the starter or the flywheel crown. Use this method only in emergency cases.
How often should I change the oil in the MTZ-80 engine?
According to the regulations, the replacement of motor oil is made every 250 hours. However, when working in dusty conditions or with frequent overloads, the interval is recommended to be reduced to 200 motor hours. Make sure to change the oil filter with each oil change.