Rakov’s machine for equipping machine gun belts: a complete operating and repair manual

Rakov’s machine is specialized equipment, without which it is impossible to imagine the professional equipment of machine gun belts for cartridges of caliber 7.62×54 mm R (and other types). Despite the fact that the device was developed back in Soviet times, it is still actively used in the armed forces, hunting grounds and shooting ranges due to its reliability and simplicity of design. However, working with the machine requires precision: incorrect settings or operation can lead to jamming of the belt, damage to the cartridges, or even injury.

In this article we will look at device and operating principle Rakov machines, we will give step-by-step instructions for equipping the belts, we will talk about typical malfunctions and how to eliminate them. We will pay special attention for 2020–2026 models, their differences from older versions and current prices for new/used ones. units. If you are reloading ammunition or are just planning to purchase equipment, you will find answers to key questions here.

⚠️ Attention: In Russia, the circulation of machine guns and ammunition for them is strictly regulated by law. Using the Rakov machine to equip ribbons without appropriate permission (weapon or activity licenses) may result in administrative or criminal liability. This article is for informational purposes only.

The design and principle of operation of the Rakov machine

The Rakov machine is a mechanical device with a manual or electric drive, designed for sequential placement of cartridges in metal or fabric belts. Main components of the unit:

• 🔧 Housing — cast metal base, providing rigidity of the structure.
• ⚙️ Feed mechanism — a system of levers and gears responsible for advancing the belt.
• 🎯 Installation groove — guide for precise positioning of the cartridge in the tape socket.
• ⚡ Drive - handle (in manual models) or electric motor (in modern versions).
• 🔄 Adjustment screws — allow you to adjust the feed pitch for different types of tapes.

The operating principle is based on step-by-step feed promotion while simultaneously placing the cartridge in its socket. When you rotate the handle (or start the electric drive), a mechanism is triggered that:

1. Fixes the tape in its original position.
2. Opens the socket latch for installing a cartridge.
3. Advances the belt one step (usually 11.35 mm for 7.62x54 mm R belts).
4. Closes the latch, securing the cartridge.

Modern models such as Rakova-M or Rakova-E, are equipped with an electric drive and digital cartridge counters, which speeds up the loading process. However, classic manual versions (Rakova-1) are still valued for their unpretentiousness and the ability to work in the field without a power source.

Types of ribbons and compatibility with the Rakov machine

Not all ribbons are suitable for equipping a Rakov machine. The main types with which the equipment works:

Tape type	Cartridge caliber	Material	Machine compatibility
RP-46 (RPK)	7.62×39 mm	Metal	Yes (with modification)
PKM/PKT	7.62×54 mm R	Metal/fabric	Yes (standard)
DShK	12.7×108 mm	Metal	No (special equipment required)
Belts for hunting machine guns	7.62x51mm NATO	Fabric	Partially (needs reconfiguration)

⚠️ Attention: Attempt to equip the tape incompatible caliber (for example, 12.7 mm on a standard machine) will lead to failure of the feed mechanism or belt deformation. Before work, be sure to check the markings on the tape and cartridges!

For tapes from fabric materials (used in hunting machine guns) it may be necessary to replace the guide rollers with softer ones to avoid rubberized marks. Metal bands, on the contrary, require rigid fixation, otherwise the cartridges will “walk” in the sockets.

Step-by-step instructions for equipping the ribbon

Before starting work, prepare:

• 🔹 Rakov’s machine (check the lubrication of the mechanism).
• 🔹 Tape (metal or fabric, depending on the task).
• 🔹 Cartridges (calibrated, without shell deformations).
• 🔹 Tools: screwdriver for adjustment, brush for cleaning the mechanism.

Algorithm of actions:

1. Installing the tape. Thread the tape into the guide groove of the machine, making sure that the first slot is under the installation window. For metal strips, use a clamp to prevent movement.
2. Pitch adjustment. Using the adjusting screw (usually located under the handle), set the feed pitch:

   For 7.62x54mm R: 11.35mm
   For 7.62x39 mm: 9.7 mm

3. Stack of cartridges. Manually insert the first cartridge into the belt slot, then rotate the handle (or press the start button on an electric model). The machine will automatically advance the belt and open the next slot.
4. Quality control. After every 10 rounds check:
   • 🔍 Fixing the cartridges in the sockets (there should be no backlash).
   • 🔍 No tape distortions.
   • 🔍 Integrity of latches (on metal tapes).

⚠️ Attention: If the cartridge does not lock into the socket or the tape gets jammed, stop the process immediately! The reason may be wear of guide rollers or Incorrect pitch setting. Continuing to operate in this mode will result in gear failure.

Typical faults and repair methods

Even with careful use, Rakov’s machine can fail. Let's look at the most common problems and their solutions:

Malfunction	Reason	Remedy
The feed is not advancing	Worn gear or clogged mechanism	Disassemble, clean and lubricate the gears; when worn out - replace
The cartridges are fixed crookedly	The pitch adjustment is knocked out or the installation groove is bent	Calibrate the step; align the groove with a file
The electric drive does not start	Open circuit or faulty start button	Ring the circuit with a tester; replace button or fuse
Grinding noise when turning the handle	Lack of lubrication or sand ingress	Wash the mechanism with kerosene, apply new lubricant (for example, Litol-24)

For repairing electric models (Rakova-E) You may need a soldering iron and a multimeter. For example, if the motor hums but does not rotate, check:

• 🔌 Integrity of the motor winding (call with a tester).
• 🔧 Condition of the brushes (if worn more than 50%, replace).
• ⚡ Voltage on the start button (should be 220V when pressed).

For complex breakdowns (for example, a crack in the body or wear of the main axle), it is more advisable to contact specialists. However, most problems can be solved independently with a minimum set of tools: a screwdriver, pliers and a set of replacement gears.

Modern modifications: what has changed after 2020

The classic Rakov machine, produced in the USSR, is still found on the secondary market, but since 2020, modernized versions with improved characteristics have appeared:

• 🔋 Rakova-E - an electric model with a productivity of up to 300 rounds per minute (versus 100–150 for manual ones). Equipped with a cartridge counter and overheating protection.
• 🛠️ Rakova-M — modular design that allows you to quickly change guides for different calibers (7.62×39, 7.62×54, 5.45×39).
• 📏 Rakova-K — a compact version for field conditions, weighing only 3.2 kg (versus 8–10 kg for standard ones).

The main differences between the new models and the Soviet ones:

1. Materials. Instead of cast iron, aluminum alloys are used, which reduces weight without losing strength.
2. Accuracy. Laser guide calibration reduces the risk of cartridge misalignment.
3. Security. Electric versions add locking when the lid is open and automatic shutdown when jammed.

Cost of new cars in 2026:

• 💰 Rakova-1 (manual, used): 12,000–18,000 ₽.
• 💰 Rakova-E (electric, new): 45,000–60,000 RUR.
• 💰 Rakova-M (modular, new): 55,000–75,000 RUR.

💡

Electric models will pay for themselves with regular use (from 50 tapes per month), but require a stable 220V power source.

Where to buy a Rakov machine: trusted suppliers

You can purchase a Rakov machine through:

• 🏪 Specialized weapons stores. For example, "Hunter and Fisherman" or "Arsenal" (if licensed).
• 🌍 Online platforms. On Avito and Yule They often sell used equipment, but the risk of running into faulty equipment is high.
• 🏭 Manufacturing plants. OJSC "Izhmash" and "Tula Arms Plant" They periodically release batches of new cars (order through dealers).

⚠️ Attention: When buying a used machine, be sure to check:

1. Condition of the gear train (there should be no chips on the gears).
2. Play of the handle or shaft of the electric drive (acceptable no more than 0.5 mm).
3. Availability of a product passport (for new models) or a write-off certificate (for used ones from departmental stocks).

Average prices on the secondary market (2026):

Model	Condition	Price, ₽
Rakova-1 (manual)	Good (lubricated, no play)	15 000–20 000
Rakova-E (electric)	Needs repair (motor does not work)	25 000–30 000
Rakova-M (modular)	New (in packaging)	60 000–70 000

How to check a machine before buying?

1. Turn the handle - the movement should be smooth, without jerking.

2. Check the fixation of the tape: if it comes off with slight tension, the guides are worn out.

3. For electric models: turn on at idle speed - the motor should not heat up or make any extraneous sounds.

Alternatives to the Rakov machine: when it’s not suitable

The Rakov machine is optimal for equipping belts for cartridges 7.62×54 mm R and 7.62×39 mm, but other calibers or specific applications may require alternatives:

• 🔫 Typewriter DS-40 - for belts of large-caliber machine guns (12.7 × 108 mm, 14.5 × 114 mm).
• 🎯 Manual rigs Lyman or RCBS — for hunting cartridges (used in the USA, but require adaptation to domestic tapes).
• ⚡ Automatic lines ZB-53 — industrial equipment for mass production (cost from 500,000 ₽).

If you need to equip bands for foreign machine guns (for example, M240 for 7.62×51 mm NATO), the Rakov machine will only fit after modification: you will need to replace the guide rollers and reconfigure the feed pitch. In some cases, it is cheaper to buy specialized equipment.

For single equipment (for example, for hunting) you can do without a machine using hand tools - tape extractor and latches. However, it will take 5–10 times longer.

FAQ: Frequently asked questions about the Rakov machine

❓ Is it possible to equip ribbons for PCM on the Rakov-1 manual machine?

Yes, Rakova-1 originally developed for PKM/PKT tapes (7.62×54 mm R). However, for fabric belts, it may be necessary to replace the standard rollers with rubber ones to avoid damage to the material.

❓ How often should the mechanism be lubricated?

For intensive use (more than 10 tapes per day), lubricate (Litol-24 or CIATIM-201) applied after every working day. For infrequent use, maintenance once every 3–6 months is sufficient. Pay special attention to the gear train and drive shaft.

❓ What to do if cartridges fall out of the belt after equipping?

The reason is insufficient fixation of latches. Check:

1. Setting the feed pitch (must strictly correspond to the type of tape).
2. Condition of the latch springs (replace if worn).
3. Ammo quality (deformed cartridges will not hold).

For metal PCM tapes, a cartridge backlash of no more than 0.3 mm is allowed.

❓ Is it legal to buy a Rakov car without a license?

The machine itself is not a weapon, therefore its acquisition does not require permission. However the use of ammunition for reloading without a weapons license or reloading activities violates Art. 222 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. To work legally, you must obtain a permit from the Russian National Guard.

❓ Is it possible to convert the machine to accept 5.45×39 mm cartridges?

Technically possible, but you will need:

• Replacing guide rollers (feed pitch for 5.45 mm - 9.5 mm).
• Installation of new installation grooves (for a smaller sleeve diameter).
• Calibration of latch springs.

Ready-made kits for conversion are sold from private craftsmen (price ~8,000 ₽), but there is no guarantee of quality.