Compact models of small arms always arouse keen interest among both professionals and enthusiasts. AK-105 is not just a shortened version of the legendary machine gun, but a specialized tool created to solve specific tactical problems. The question of who uses this carbine lies in the analysis of the needs of units where the dimensions and weight of the weapon are critical.
The main circle of users has formed around the security forces of Russia and the CIS countries, but civilian collectors are also showing interest in the model. Concern "Kalashnikov" positions this model as the ideal balance between the firepower of a standard assault rifle and the mobility of a submachine gun. Understanding the target audience helps to understand the design features and reasons for choosing this particular modification to equip certain groups.
In this article we will analyze in detail which departments purchase these weapons en masse, why they are popular as civilian weapons for self-defense (in the smooth-bore version) and what technical nuances determine its operational niche. The analysis will be based on open data on government procurement and technical characteristics of the 100 series.
Main customers in law enforcement agencies
Primary and main consumer AK-105 are divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the National Guard. The specifics of the work of traffic police officers, riot police and various special forces require carrying weapons in confined spaces, for example, in patrol cars. A standard machine gun with a barrel length of 415 mm in such conditions creates significant inconvenience, while a shortened barrel of 206.5 mm solves the problem of ergonomics.
In addition, this carbine is actively used in security structures and private security of enterprises (private security companies), where the carrying of short-barreled weapons is permitted. Weapons law clearly regulates the length of the barrel, and the AK-105 (or its civilian version) fits perfectly into these standards, while remaining a full-fledged machine gun chambered for a powerful intermediate cartridge.
- 👮♂️ Traffic police and traffic police officers: for carrying inside a car without the risk of snagging the barrel during a sharp maneuver.
- 🛡️ Soldiers of the Russian Guard: as a second number in calculations or for working in dense urban areas.
- 🔒 Private security company employees: for guarding facilities with access control and escorting cargo.
It is important to note that the Army uses this model selectively. These are mainly crews of combat vehicles, drivers and signalmen, for whom the machine gun is a means of self-defense, and not the main weapon for long-range combat. Compactness plays a decisive role here, allowing weapons to be placed inside the vehicle without taking up useful space.
When choosing a weapon to carry in a car, pay attention not only to the length of the barrel, but also to the presence of a folding stock, which reduces the dimensions in the transport position.
Civilian and hunting applications
A significant portion of users are civilians who purchase smoothbore versions of the carbine, such as Saiga-105 or Vepr-105, which are structurally identical to the combat prototype. Hunters value this platform for its versatility and ability to quickly upgrade. Based on the AK-105, a huge number of tuned versions are created for sport shooting and hunting.
A key factor in its popularity in the civilian sector is the ability to use cartridges with bullet charges that are effective at medium distances. Caliber 5.45×39 mm (in combat version) or 7.62x39 mm (in civilian version) provides excellent penetration ability, which is important when protecting against large predators or using it as a survival weapon.
⚠️ Attention: Civilians are prohibited from owning weapons with automatic fire capabilities. All civilian versions are self-loading carbines.
Gun collectors also show high interest in the 100 series. This is the last line of Kalashnikov assault rifles, mass-produced in the classic version before switching to the platform AK-12. The presence of a plastic stock and Picatinny rail makes these models attractive for mounting modern optics and accessories.
Why do hunters choose a short barrel?
The short barrel makes it easier to move through dense forests and bushes, where the long forend of a standard machine gun constantly clings to branches. In addition, less weight relieves the hunter during long treks.
Technical features influencing choice
Choice AK-105 specific users is due to a number of technical characteristics that distinguish it from full-size counterparts and submachine guns. A shortened barrel leads to a decrease in the initial velocity of the bullet, but at distances up to 200 meters this difference is almost imperceptible to the shooter. But the gain in maneuverability becomes obvious from the first seconds of operation.
The design of gas exhaust automation has remained classic, which guarantees high reliability even in extreme conditions. Chromed bore allows the use of corrosive ammonia cartridges (though modern ammunition is less corrosive) and makes cleaning easier after intense shooting. This is critical for units where it is not possible to thoroughly maintain weapons after each operation.
| Characteristics | Meaning | Impact on the user |
|---|---|---|
| Barrel length | 206.5 mm | High accuracy at short ranges, but strong muzzle cut |
| Weight (without cartridges) | 3.2 kg | Comfortable to wear when unloaded, less tiring for the hand |
| Initial speed | 840 m/s | Sufficient penetration of standard body armor |
| Sighting range | 500 m | Effective in urban environments and forests |
Particular attention should be paid to the muzzle device. Due to the short barrel, the pressure of the powder gases at the muzzle remains high, which creates a powerful muzzle wave and flash. Therefore, users often install flame arresters or silencers, which turns the weapon into an even more effective tool for covert operations.
The main advantage of the AK-105 is the preservation of the ballistics and penetrating power of an intermediate cartridge with dimensions close to a submachine gun.
Comparison with competitors and analogues
To understand why certain groups choose this particular model, it is necessary to compare it with its direct competitors. The main competitor in the short-barreled weapon niche is AKS-74U. However, the 105 model has a number of advantages, such as a side-folding plastic stock, which is more convenient for aiming, and a unified upper receiver cover with a rail for optics.
Compared to submachine guns (for example, PP-19 "Vityaz" or MP5), the AK-105 wins in effective fire range and bullet penetration. SMGs are effective only at point-blank range, while the carbine allows you to confidently work at distances of 100-150 meters, which is often found when detaining criminals or in rough terrain.
- 🆚 Against AKS-74U: better ergonomics of the stock and the ability to install modern optics without replacing the cover.
- 🆚 Against PP: superior stopping power and breaking through barriers.
- 🆚 Against full-size AKs: Concealed carrying and transportation are much easier.
However, the model also has disadvantages that limit its widespread use in linear army units. High recoil and noise when firing, as well as rapid overheating of the barrel during long bursts make it less suitable for prolonged fire contacts, where sustained fire is required (killing fire over a long time).
☑️ Criteria for choosing a short-barreled assault rifle
Export potential and foreign users
Model AK-105 was also exported as part of the 100th series, which was created specifically for the foreign market. The main importers were the countries of the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. In these regions, short-barreled assault rifles are often used by the personal bodyguards of high-ranking officials and intelligence officers.
Popularity abroad due to brand recognition Kalashnikov and ease of maintenance. In hot climates and dusty conditions, mechanical reliability comes to the fore. Export versions were often chambered 5.56x45mm NATO (modification of the AK-101 in a short version) or 7.62x39 mm, which made it possible to use existing ammunition reserves.
⚠️ Attention: Export versions may differ in markings and may lack some fastening elements typical for domestic supplies of the Russian Federation.
Some countries produce licensed copies or variants inspired by the AK-105 design. This confirms the status of the model as one of the standards in the class of short automatic machines. However, political sanctions in recent years have significantly limited official supplies, shifting the focus to the domestic market and friendly countries.
Prospects for replacement and the future of the model
With the introduction of the new complex AK-12 and its short version AK-105 (index 6P71, which is a development of the idea of the 105th in a new building), the role of the classic AK-105 is gradually changing. The army and the Russian Guard are beginning to switch to a new platform, which is devoid of many of the design flaws of its predecessor, such as wobbly sighting devices and a less convenient butt.
However, the AK-105 fleet is not planned to be retired in the coming decades. The huge accumulated stock, well-functioning logistics of spare parts and the familiarity of the weapon to personnel guarantee its long service. For many departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and security structures, replacing the weapon fleet is not a priority due to budget constraints.
- 📉 Decrease in purchases: The main focus is on the AK-12 and AK-15.
- 🔄 Modernization: Part of the fleet is undergoing repairs and modernization at manufacturing plants.
- 🏛️ Reserve: Large quantities are preserved at storage bases.
Thus, AK-105 remains a sought-after tool in the compact firearms niche. It is used where mobility and the usual reliability of the Kalashnikov system are important. As long as there are tasks for maintaining order, patrolling and protecting objects, this carbine will remain in service.
What will replace the AK-105 in the future?
The main competitor is the short-barreled AK-12K (or AK-19K), which retains the layout, but receives new ergonomics, a telescopic butt and improved accuracy of fire.
Can civilians buy a combat AK-105?
No, the acquisition of military automatic weapons by civilians in the Russian Federation is prohibited by law. Only smoothbore hunting carbines are available, structurally similar to the AK-105 (for example, Saiga-105), which are self-loading.
What is the effective firing range of the AK-105?
The effective firing range of single shots is about 300-400 meters. When firing in bursts, the effectiveness drops sharply after 150-200 meters due to the short aiming line and reduced bullet energy.
Why does the AK-105 have such a short barrel?
A shortened barrel (206.5 mm) is necessary to reduce the overall dimensions of the weapon, which is critical for carrying in cars, working indoors and concealed carrying under clothing in special-purpose holsters.
Does the AK-105 have a scope mount?
Yes, on the top cover of the receiver of the AK-105 (100th series) there is initially a dovetail strip for installing side brackets for optical and night sights.