A modern car owner is often faced with the need to revive a battery after a long period of inactivity or deep discharge. Device Kedr Auto 10 has proven itself as a reliable assistant in such situations, combining ease of operation with an effective desulphation regime. Understanding the operating principles and internal architecture of the device allows you not only to use it correctly, but also, if necessary, to carry out independent repairs or upgrades.
Unlike primitive rectifiers, this model is equipped with an electronic controller that controls the charging process automatically. Knowledge of how it works scheme Kedr Auto 10, makes it possible to diagnose the lack of charging current, faulty indicators or problems with mode switching. This is especially true when the factory fuses are intact and the device is silent.
In this article we will analyze in detail the electrical circuits, the purpose of the components and the logical connections between the device components. You'll learn where key controls are located and how they interact to ensure safe charging of lead-acid batteries. Typical faults and methods for eliminating them using a multimeter will also be discussed.
General charger architecture
Basis of design Kedr Auto 10 is based on a transformer circuit with an electronic control system. The main element here is a power transformer, which lowers the mains voltage to the level necessary for electrolysis of the electrolyte. The secondary windings of the transformer are connected to a rectifier unit consisting of powerful diodes or a diode assembly.
The electronic control unit (ECU) is the “brain” of the device. It monitors the voltage at the battery terminals and the current in the circuit. It is the ECU that makes the decision to switch from charging mode to training or desulfation mode. Charger circuit Kedr Auto 10 built in such a way as to minimize overheating of components and eliminate battery overcharging.
⚠️ Warning: The internal components of the device contain high voltage. Disassembling the housing is only possible with the device completely disconnected from the network and after the capacitors have been discharged.
It is important to note that the layout of the elements inside the case is optimized for better heat dissipation. Power transistors and diodes are often attached directly to the metal case or heatsinks, requiring care when removing the board for inspection.
Power section and transformer unit
The power transformer in the Kedr 10 model usually has a toroidal or W-shaped design. Its primary winding is connected to the 220V network through a fuse and a switch. The secondary winding produces alternating voltage, which is then converted to direct voltage. The power of the transformer is selected with a reserve to provide the declared current of 10 Amps without overheating.
The rectifier bridge converts alternating current into pulsating current. To smooth out pulsations in electrical diagram Large capacitors are provided. They accumulate charge and release it at times of peak load, stabilizing the charging process. If the capacitors are swollen or have lost capacity, the charging current will be unstable.
Check the reliability of the soldering of the wires coming from the transformer to the control board. Vibration during transportation often leads to detachment of contacts.
Short circuit protection is implemented through fast-acting fuses. The fuse rating in the power circuit of Kedr Auto 10 is strictly regulated by the manufacturer and should not be replaced with a “bug” or an element of higher power. Excessive current load can lead to fire of the transformer windings.
- 🔌 Check the integrity of the power cord and plug before plugging it into the outlet.
- ⚡ Make sure the fuse matches the factory settings (usually 10A).
- 🌡️ Assess the condition of the insulation of the transformer windings for blackening.
- 🔩 Inspect the transformer mounts - they should be rigid, without play.
Electronic control unit and operating logic
The central control element is a specialized microcircuit or transistor assembly responsible for cyclic operation. Scheme Kedr Auto 10 provides automatic switching between charging with current and discharging (training mode). This allows you to effectively combat sulfation of the battery plates.
The operating logic is based on comparing the current voltage at the battery terminals with reference values. When the voltage reaches a certain threshold (usually around 14.4-14.8 V), the controller reduces the current or goes into charge maintenance mode. In Workout mode, the device briefly connects the load, discharging the battery, and then charges it again.
Desulfation principle
Short discharge pulses destroy lead sulfate crystals that do not dissolve during normal charging, restoring battery capacity.
To implement these functions, the circuit uses voltage comparators and key transistors. They switch charge and discharge circuits at high frequencies. A malfunction of any of these elements results in the device either not seeing the battery or operating in constant maximum current mode, which is dangerous for the battery.
Detailed analysis of the electrical circuit
Considering electrical circuit diagram devices, several key nodes can be identified. The input stage includes a noise filter that protects the network from high-frequency interference created by the operation of electronics. Next comes the unit for rectifying and stabilizing the reference voltage for the operation of the microcontroller.
The current measuring unit is made on the basis of a shunt - a low-resistance resistor connected in series with the load. The voltage drop across the shunt is proportional to the current flowing. This value is supplied to the input of the controller's measuring circuit. If the readings differ from reality, calibration or replacement of the shunt is possible.
The output stage controls the battery connection. Power MOSFET transistors that operate in switching mode are often used here. Their condition directly affects the efficiency of the entire device. If the transistor breaks down, charging can proceed directly, bypassing the controller, which can lead to boiling of the electrolyte.
| Circuit node | Main function | Typical fault | Diagnostic method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transformer | Undervoltage | Winding break, interturn short circuit | Continuity test with an ohmmeter |
| Diode bridge | Current rectification | Diode breakdown, break | Checking diodes with a multimeter |
| Shunt | Current measurement | Resistance change, break | Comparison of readings |
| Controller | Process management | Logic failure, key failure | Signal analysis with an oscilloscope |
Operating modes and their implementation in the circuit
Device Kedr Auto 10 supports several operating modes, each of which has its own implementation at the hardware level. The "Automatic" mode involves charging until a full charge is achieved and then switching to storage mode. In the circuit, this is implemented through relays or electronic switches that turn off the main charging current.
The "Training" (desulphation) mode is cyclic. Charging circuit generates charge pulses lasting several seconds, followed by discharge pulses. The duration of the cycles is strictly specified by the controller program. Violation of this rhythm indicates problems in the clock circuit or device memory.
There is also a “Winter” or accelerated charging mode, where the current limitation is removed or the threshold voltage is increased. This requires special attention to the temperature of the components, since the heat generated in power circuits increases significantly. Ventilation of the case in this mode should be ensured ideally.
⚠️ Attention: Prolonged operation in desulfitation mode without control can lead to strong heating of the electrolyte. Monitor the temperature of the battery case.
Modes are switched using buttons on the front panel. The mechanical contacts of the buttons can oxidize over time, resulting in a “floating” contact. In the circuit, this may look like spontaneous switching of modes or failure to respond to pressing.
Typical faults and diagnostics
The most common problem owners have is the device’s lack of response to connecting to the network. B Kedr Auto 10 this is often due to a blown mains fuse or a broken wire where it enters the housing. Primary diagnostics always begin with checking the presence of voltage at the transformer input.
If the device turns on, but does not charge the battery (current 0A), the problem may lie in the measurement circuits or in the “crocodiles” themselves. Oxidized terminals create high contact resistance, and the controller may perceive this as a lack of battery connection. The current sensor (shunt) may also fail.
☑️ No charge diagnostics
The situation when the device does not turn off after charging indicates a malfunction in the relay control circuit or sticking of the contacts of the relay itself. In electronic circuits without relays, the cause may be a breakdown of the output transistor, which is constantly open. This requires replacing the element and checking the control signals.
- 🔍 Visual inspection of the board for blackening and swelling.
- 📏 Checking circuits for short circuits.
- 🌡️ Checking the heating of elements under load (carefully!).
- 🔋 Testing the device on a known good battery.
Safety measures during repair and operation
Working with electrical circuits of chargers requires strict adherence to safety precautions. High voltage at the transformer input poses a mortal danger. All manipulations with the soldering iron and measuring instruments inside the case should be carried out only with the power turned off.
When charging, the battery releases hydrogen, which when mixed with air forms an explosive mixture. Therefore Kedr Auto 10 and any other charger must not be used near open flames or sparking contacts. Sparking can occur when the terminals make poor contact or when the device is turned on/off.
Never short-circuit the output terminals of a device that is turned on - this can lead to immediate failure of the rectifier diodes and transistors.
When soldering circuit elements, it is important not to overheat the traces and adjacent components. Using a soldering iron with a power of more than 40-60 W can lead to peeling of the copper coating of the PCB. To dismantle powerful elements, it is recommended to use a desoldering pump or a special braid.
⚠️ Warning: Do not leave a running charger unattended on flammable surfaces. Allow free air circulation around the chassis.
Regular contact prevention and checking the integrity of wire insulation will extend the life of the device. If you notice that the wires begin to heat up during operation, this is a signal of increased resistance in the circuit or excessive load, which diagram cannot compensate.
Can Kedr Auto 10 be used to charge lithium-ion batteries?
No, absolutely not. Operating algorithms and output voltages Kedr Auto 10 designed for lead-acid chemistry (12V, desulfitation modes). Charging Li-Ion batteries with such a device will lead to their overcharging, thermal runaway and possible explosion. Lithium requires special BMS controllers.
Why does the device click during operation?
Clicks are produced by an electromagnetic relay, which switches operating modes (charge/discharge/storage) according to the controller program. In the "Training" mode the clicks will be regular. If the clicks become too frequent or are accompanied by blinking indicators without connecting the battery, there may be a malfunction in the relay control circuit.
How to understand that the battery is fully charged according to the circuit?
In automatic mode, this is indicated by a change in the color of the indicator or its extinguishing (depending on the modification). At the circuit level, this means that the voltage at the terminals has reached the cutoff (about 14.8V), and the controller has turned off the power switches, putting the device into standby or trickle charging mode.