The winter period for public utilities and owners of large territories turns into a serious test, requiring the use of specialized equipment. The question of what the snow removal machine is called often arises among those who are faced with the need to clear roads or parking lots. In a professional environment, this technique belongs to the category road construction machines or snow removal systems.
The main task of this equipment is to quickly and effectively eliminate snow drifts of any density. There are many modifications, each of which has its own technical features and scope of application. The choice of a specific model depends on the amount of work, type of coating and weather conditions.
In this article, we will look in detail at what types of snow removal equipment exist, how they differ, and how to choose the right equipment for specific needs. Understanding the classification will help you intelligently approach the issue of purchasing or renting special equipment.
General classification of snow removal equipment
All snow removal machines are divided into several large groups depending on their design features and operating principle. The basic element of the classification is the type of chassis on which it is mounted. work equipment. It is the base that determines the maneuverability of the equipment and the speed of movement on the surface being cleaned.
The most common option is wheeled models, which are characterized by high maneuverability and speed of travel. However, deep snow and difficult conditions often require tracked counterparts with improved traction. There are also specialized rotary snow blowers, created exclusively for the ejection of large volumes of mass.
It is important to consider that versatility is achieved through the use of interchangeable attachments. The same basic machine can perform the functions of a loader, dumper or brush, depending on the installed attachment. This makes operation more cost-effective for utilities.
When choosing equipment, you should pay attention to the power of the power plant and the type of drive of the hydraulic system. Modern models are equipped with telematics systems that allow the dispatcher to monitor the location and operating status of the unit in real time.
Tractor-based snowplows
Tractors remain one of the most popular types of base chassis for mounting snow removal equipment. Their main advantage is their high traction force and the ability to work with heavy attachments. Such machines are often installed front blades or rotary nozzles.
There are two main types of tractors used in winter: wheeled and tracked. Wheeled models such as popular series MTZ or John Deere, are more often used on asphalt roads. Tracked analogues, for example, DT or T-150, are indispensable on rough terrain and in deep snow conditions.
Why are tractors efficient in winter?
Tractors have a low center of gravity and high weight, which provides excellent traction even in icy conditions. In addition, the tractor cabin is often designed to install an additional heater, which is important for the operator in cold weather.
The efficiency of the tractor directly depends on the correct selection of the hitch. Often used for municipal needs utility tractors, which are initially equipped with a place for attaching brushes and blades. This allows you to quickly re-equip the machine depending on the current task.
When operating a tractor in winter, be sure to use winter diesel fuel and anti-gels to avoid waxing the power system.
Truck-based snow blowers
Powerful trucks are used to clean highways and wide city avenues. A truck-based snow removal machine, often called KDM (combined road machine), capable of performing a range of work. It can simultaneously shovel snow, sprinkle the road with reagents and remove the snow mass.
The main working element of such machines is the blade, which can be rotary or fixed. Rotary blades allow you to move snow in the desired direction without turning the entire vehicle, which significantly speeds up the process. The back of the truck is usually equipped with a hopper for sand and salt mixture.
Popular models include machines based on KAMAZ, ZIL or imported analogues like Volvo and Scania. Their distinctive feature is high productivity and the ability to work as part of a column. A powerful engine allows you to develop high speed transfers between objects.
⚠️ Attention: When operating snow removal trucks, you must strictly monitor the distribution of load on the axles. Uneven loading of the hopper or misalignment of the blade can cause the vehicle to skid on slippery roads.
Modern KDMs are often equipped with a GPS monitoring system and sensors for monitoring material consumption. This allows utilities to accurately plan the purchase of reagents and control the quality of work performed. Process automation reduces the influence of the human factor.
Skid steers and compact equipment
In confined spaces, such as sidewalks, shopping center parking lots or narrow courtyard driveways, large equipment is powerless. This is where they take the stage mini loaders and compact tractors. These machines are characterized by their small dimensions and high maneuverability.
The best known members of this class are mini skid steer loaders such as Bobcat or Mustang. With the ability to rotate 360 degrees on site, they are ideal for working in tight spaces. Rotary auger attachments or shovel blades are installed on them.
Compact technology does not mean low productivity. Modern models are equipped with powerful hydraulic systems capable of carrying serious attachments. The operator controls the machine using joysticks, making complex maneuvers easier.
☑️ Checking the mini loader before winter
For indoor work, such as in airports or warehouses, electric versions of skid steers are used. They do not emit exhaust gases, which is critical for enclosed spaces. Quiet operation is also an important advantage in residential areas.
Rotary and auger snow blowers
A separate category consists of machines whose main working body is a rotor or auger. Rotary snow blower It doesn’t just move the snow, but crushes it and throws it at a distance of up to several tens of meters. This allows roads to be cleared without the need for trucks to remove snow.
The operating principle is based on the suction of snow mass by an auger and subsequent release through the sleeve. The rotor rotation speed can reach several hundred revolutions per minute. This technique is indispensable when eliminating deep drifts and snow banks left by other equipment.
Auger models are more often used for cleaning freshly fallen snow of low density. They are less productive, but more compact and economical. Often auger mechanisms are installed as attachments on tractors or trucks.
| Mechanism type | Release range | Snow density | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single stage | 5-10 meters | Loose | Sidewalks, paths |
| Two stage | 10-20 meters | Average | Yards, parking lots |
| Three stage | Up to 30 meters | High (ice) | Highways, airfields |
| Milling rotor | Up to 50 meters | Any (shafts) | Railways, highways |
The choice between an auger and a rotor depends on the density of the snow masses: for loose snow, an auger is sufficient; for compacted shafts, a powerful rotor is needed.
Specialized airfield and railway equipment
Airfields and railways have special requirements for clean surfaces. Here are used airfield snow blowers, which can clear runways in a single pass. The working width of such machines can reach several meters.
Railway equipment known as snow plows or snow blowers, installed on a rail track. They can be self-propelled or non-self-propelled (require a locomotive). The design allows you to effectively throw snow far from the roadbed without damaging the infrastructure.
A special feature of this technology is its high reliability and ability to operate at extremely low temperatures. Heating systems for working parts prevent snow and ice from freezing, which could reduce operating efficiency.
⚠️ Attention: The operation of specialized equipment at transport infrastructure facilities requires special permits and licenses from the operator and service organization.
Selection criteria and operation
There are many factors to consider when deciding which snow removal machine to purchase. Of primary importance is the area of the area being cleaned and the type of coverage. A small one is suitable for a private home. garden tractor, whereas for a village you need a full-fledged tractor or mini-loader.
An important aspect is the availability of spare parts and service. The popularity of the brand plays an important role here. It is also worth paying attention to the presence of a heated cabin, since the operator’s work in winter conditions requires comfortable conditions.
Economic efficiency consists not only of the purchase price, but also of the costs of fuel, repairs and depreciation. The versatility of the machine, which allows it to be used for other tasks in the summer (for example, as a loader), significantly increases its profitability.
☑️ What to look for when buying a used snow blower
Proper preparation of equipment for the winter season includes changing oils to winter grades, checking the cooling system and electrical equipment. Regular maintenance extends the life of expensive equipment and prevents downtime at critical times.
FAQ: Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between a snow blower and a snowmobile?
A snow blower is a machine for clearing surfaces of snow, equipped with working parts (blade, auger). A snowmobile is a vehicle for moving people on snow, not intended for clearing.
Which car is better for deep snow?
For deep and compacted snow, tracked snow blowers with a rotary ejection mechanism are best suited. They have high maneuverability and power for crushing dense masses.
Is it possible to use a regular tractor in winter?
Yes, a regular agricultural tractor can be used in winter if you install the appropriate attachments (blade, brush) on it and prepare it for low temperatures (change oil, fuel, install a cab).
What is KDM?
KDM is a Combined Road Machine. This is a truck equipped with a blade in the front and a hopper in the back for spreading sand or salt on roads. Often used by public utilities.